Abstract: This work provides an affordable approach for detecting environmental contaminants (e.g., arsenic in groundwater). Electro-chemical analysis of a sample is performed using a disposable three-electrode sensor that can be connected to an electrochemical analyzer (which is not disposable). The disposable sensor has a sample chamber to admit a liquid sample. The sensor includes a substrate disposed within the sample chamber that includes at least one conditioning reagent to condition the sample for electrochemical analysis. Analysis results can be displayed via a mobile device application.

Abstract: This work provides an affordable approach for detecting environmental contaminants (e.g., arsenic in groundwater). Electro-chemical analysis of a sample is performed using a disposable three-electrode sensor that can be connected to an electrochemical analyzer (which is not disposable). The disposable sensor has a sample chamber to admit a liquid sample. The sensor includes a substrate disposed within the sample chamber that includes at least one conditioning reagent to condition the sample for electrochemical analysis. Analysis results can be displayed via a mobile device application.

Abstract: A time-division data multiplexer has feedback for adjusting the select clock cross-over voltage. The multiplexer includes a multi-phase clock generator having a plurality of select clock outputs with different phases, a plurality of parallel data inputs and first and second serial data outputs. A first set of gating transistors is coupled between the first data output and a common node. Each transistor in the first set is gated by a corresponding data input and at least one corresponding select clock output. A second set of gating transistors is coupled between the second data output and the common node. Each transistor in the second set is gated by a corresponding data input and at least one corresponding select clock output. A first current source is coupled to the common node.