Abstract: A substrate treating method according to the present invention is a substrate treating method for treating a pattern-formed surface of a substrate W, the substrate treating method including: a supply process of supplying a substrate treating liquid containing a sublimable substance and a solvent to the pattern-formed surface; a solidification process of evaporating the solvent in a liquid film of the substrate treating liquid supplied to the pattern-formed surface in the supply process, depositing the sublimable substance, and forming a solidified film containing the sublimable substance; and a sublimation process of sublimating the solidified film and removing the solidified film, in which the sublimable substance contains at least one of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol and 3-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid.

Abstract: A reinforcing film comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive layer laminated and fixed on a principal surface of a film substrate. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer is formed of a photocurable composition containing a photocurable agent and a base polymer having a crosslinked structure. The gel fraction of the photocurable composition is preferably 60% or more. The shear storage elastic modulus at 25° C. of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 1×104 to 1.2×105 Pa. The shear storage elastic modulus at 25° C. of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer after photocuring is preferably 1.5×105 to 2×106 Pa.

Abstract: A conductive roller includes: a core member including an outer surface along and about an axial line thereof; and a surface layer arranged along the outer surface of the core member. The surface layer includes a conductive portion, and a surface roughness imparting material in a form of particles dispersed in the conductive portion. An average particle size of the surface roughness imparting material is in a range of 6 micrometers or greater and less than 10 micrometers. The number of particles of the surface roughness imparting material per unit area of the surface layer is in a range of 3.5×105 particles per mm2 or greater and 7.5×105 particles per mm2 or less. An average thickness of the surface layer is in a range of 0.2 micrometers or greater and 5.5 micrometers or less.

Abstract: A conductive roller includes: a core member including an outer surface along and about an axial line thereof; and a surface layer arranged along the outer surface of the core member. The surface layer includes a conductive portion formed of a conductive resin composition, and a surface roughness imparting material in a form of particles dispersed in the conductive portion. An average particle size of the surface roughness imparting material is in a range of 6 micrometers or greater and 10 micrometers or less. The number of particles of the surface roughness imparting material per unit area of the surface layer is in a range of 1.0×104 particles per mm2 or greater and 2.0×106 particles per mm2 or less. An average thickness of the surface layer is in a range of 3.0 micrometers or greater and 15.0 micrometers or less.

Abstract: A charging roll includes a core, a rubber substrate arranged around the core, and a surface layer arranged around the rubber substrate. The surface layer includes a conductive matrix containing a base material formed of an insulator, and a conductive material dispersed in the base material, and particles of a surface roughness-imparting material dispersed in the conductive matrix. Each of the particles of the surface roughness-imparting material is formed of an insulator, is porous, and has a specific surface area of 8.7 m2/g or greater and 55 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element includes a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, a nonmagnetic layer that is disposed between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, and an insertion layer that is disposed at least one of a position between the first ferromagnetic layer and the nonmagnetic layer and a position between the second ferromagnetic layer and the nonmagnetic layer, in which the nonmagnetic layer is composed of an oxide containing Mg and Ga, and the insertion layer is a ferromagnetic component containing Ga.

Abstract: Provided is a botulinum toxin producing method which is simple achieves a high toxin yield, and obtains a toxin having high specific activity. This botulinum toxin producing method includes: (A) a step in which a botulinum toxin is produced from botulinum toxin-producing bacteria in a medium, and a mixture a is obtained which contains a botulinum toxin, a bacterial component, and a nucleic acid component derived from the botulinum toxin; (B) a step in which the mixture a is subjected to the removal of the bacterial component, and a mixture b is obtained which contains a nucleic acid component and a botulinum toxin; (C) a step in which an endonuclease is added to the mixture b and a mixture c is obtained which contains a nucleic acid degradation product and a botulinum toxin; and (D) a step in which the mixture c is subjected to removal of the nucleic acid degradation product, and an isolated botulinum toxin liquid d is obtained.

Abstract: The vibrator element includes a base part, a vibrating arm extending from the base part, and a weight provided to the vibrating arm, wherein the weight includes a thick film part, a thin film part thinner in film thickness than the thick film part, and a connection part which is located between the thick film part and the thin film part to connect the thick film part and the thin film part to each other, and which forms a taper shape gradually decreasing in film thickness in a direction from the thick film part side toward the thin film part.

Abstract: A reinforcing film comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive layer laminated and fixed on a principal surface of a film substrate. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer is formed of a photocurable composition containing a photocurable agent and a base polymer having a crosslinked structure. A frictional force of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer measured with a frictional force microscope at a frequency of 5 Hz is preferably 2 to 5 times a frictional force at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. After photocuring of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a frictional force of a photocured pressure sensitive adhesive layer measured with the frictional force microscope at a frequency of 5 Hz is preferably not less than 5 times a frictional force measured at a frequency of 0.1 Hz.

Abstract: A processing mark that is thinned or removed in a thickness direction of a vibration arm is formed at a weight provided at a drive vibration arm of a vibration element, and including a pair of weight ends aligned in an extending direction of the vibration arm. The processing mark includes a first processing end and a second processing end aligned in the extending direction of the vibration arm, the first processing end overlaps one weight end of the weight in plan view in the extending direction of the vibration arm, and a width of the first processing end is smaller than a width of the second processing end.

Abstract: A frequency adjustment method of a vibration element includes adjusting a resonance frequency of the vibration element by irradiating the vibration element, which includes a vibrating arm having a first principal surface and a second principal surface that are in a front and back relationship with each other with an energy ray, to remove a part of the vibrating arm on the first principal surface, and in which an activation amount by the energy ray on the second principal surface of the vibrating arm is smaller than an activation amount by the energy ray on the first principal surface of the vibrating arm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a vibrator device includes preparing a vibrator element including a vibrating arm and a weight provided to the vibrating arm, and irradiating the weight with a laser beam to remove apart of the weight. Further, in the step of irradiating the weight with the laser beam to remove the part of the weight, the part of the weight is irradiated with the laser beam to thereby provide the weight with a removed area where the part of the weight is removed, and an unremoved area where the weight is not removed, and in an area close to the unremoved area in the removed area, an amount of irradiation with the laser beam is gradually increased in a direction from the unremoved area side toward the removed area.

Abstract: The vibrator element includes a base part, a vibrating arm extending from the base part, and a weight provided to the vibrating arm, wherein the weight includes a thick film part, a thin film part thinner in film thickness than the thick film part, and a connection part which is located between the thick film part and the thin film part to connect the thick film part and the thin film part to each other, and which forms a taper shape gradually decreasing in film thickness in a direction from the thick film part side toward the thin film part.

Abstract: A reinforcing film comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive layer laminated and fixed on a principal surface of a film substrate. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer is formed of a photocurable composition containing a photocurable agent and a base polymer having a crosslinked structure. A frictional force of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer measured with a frictional force microscope at a frequency of 5 Hz is preferably 2 to 5 times a frictional force at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. After photocuring of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a frictional force of a photocured pressure sensitive adhesive layer measured with the frictional force microscope at a frequency of 5 Hz is preferably not less than 5 times a frictional force measured at a frequency of 0.1 Hz.

Abstract: A reinforcing film comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive layer laminated and fixed on a principal surface of a film substrate. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer is formed of a photocurable composition containing a photocurable agent and a base polymer having a crosslinked structure. The gel fraction of the photocurable composition is preferably 60% or more. The shear storage elastic modulus at 25° C. of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 1×104 to 1.2×105 Pa. The shear storage elastic modulus at 25° C. of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer after photocuring is preferably 1.5×105 to 2×106 Pa.

Abstract: A processing mark that is thinned or removed in a thickness direction of a vibration arm is formed at a weight provided at a drive vibration arm of a vibration element, and including a pair of weight ends aligned in an extending direction of the vibration arm. The processing mark includes a first processing end and a second processing end aligned in the extending direction of the vibration arm, the first processing end overlaps one weight end of the weight in plan view in the extending direction of the vibration arm, and a width of the first processing end is smaller than a width of the second processing end.

Abstract: A vibrating element includes a base, a vibrating arm extending from the base, and having an arm section provided with an electrode film, and a weight section, a weight film provided to the weight section, and the vibrating arm has a first principal surface and a second principal surface in an obverse-reverse relationship, the electrode film and the weight film are disposed on the first principal surface and the second principal surface, and a thickness of the electrode film disposed on the first principal surface, a thickness of the weight film disposed on the first principal surface, a thickness of the electrode film disposed on the second principal surface, and a thickness of the weight film disposed on the second principal surface are each no less than 50 nm and no more than 500 nm.

Abstract: A frequency adjustment method of a vibration element includes adjusting a resonance frequency of the vibration element by irradiating the vibration element, which includes a vibrating arm having a first principal surface and a second principal surface that are in a front and back relationship with each other with an energy ray, to remove a part of the vibrating arm on the first principal surface, and in which an activation amount by the energy ray on the second principal surface of the vibrating arm is smaller than an activation amount by the energy ray on the first principal surface of the vibrating arm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) sheet that achieves both low initial adhesiveness and strong adhesiveness upon use and has excellent transparency of the PSA layer. The PSA sheet provided herein includes a PSA layer having a haze value of 1.0% or less. The PSA sheet is configured so that a pressure-sensitive adhesive strength N1, after the PSA layer is attached to a stainless steel plate and left at 23° C. for 30 minutes, is 1.5 N/20 mm or less, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive strength N2, after the PSA layer is attached to a stainless steel plate and heated at 80° C. for 5 minutes, is 10.0 N/20 mm or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) sheet that achieves, in the form having a support substrate, both low initial adhesiveness and strong adhesiveness during use. The PSA sheet provided in this application includes a support substrate and a PSA layer laminated on at least one side of the support substrate. The PSA layer has a thickness of 3 ?m or more but less than 100 ?m. The support substrate has a thickness of 30 ?m or more. The PSA sheet is configured so that a relationship between an elastic modulus Et? [MPa] of the PSA sheet and a thickness Ts [mm] of the support substrate fulfils the following formula: 0.1 [N·mm]<Et?×(Ts)3. The adhesive strength N2 after the PSA layer is attached to a stainless steel plate (SUS304BA plate) and heated at 80° C. for 5 minutes is 20 times or more of an adhesive strength N1 after the PSA layer is attached to a stainless steel plate (SUS304BA plate) and left at 23° C. for 30 minutes.