Abstract: A bending portion of an endoscope according to the disclosure includes: a plurality of bending pieces rotatably coupled to each other by a coupling fastener; a wire configured to transmit a traction operating force to a first bending piece included in the plurality of bending pieces; and a pin located in a first hole in the first bending piece, the pin connecting the wire to the first bending piece, a first end portion of the pin protruding from an outer circumference of the first bending piece, a second end portion of the pin protruding from an inner circumference of the first bending piece, a third portion of the pin contacts a surface of the first hole. A first width dimension of the first end portion is larger than an opening dimension of the first hole, the wire is attached to the second end portion.

Abstract: A structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure include: a first base; a second base disposed to be opposed to the first base; and a bonding layer that is provided between the first base and the second base, and includes, in a layer, a layer including a first metal element and a second metal element, the first metal element having a free energy of oxide formation (?G) of ?330 (kJ/mol of compounds) or more at room temperature and a self-diffusion coefficient (D) of 1×10?55 (m2/s) or more at room temperature, and the second metal element having a free energy of oxide formation (?G) at room temperature smaller than the free energy of oxide formation (?G) at the room temperature of the first metal element.

Abstract: The present concentration device includes a membrane module having a first and a second flow paths that are separated by a semipermeable membrane, the module including a U-shaped tube in which the semipermeable membrane is disposed, a first flow-path-inlet and a first flow-path-outlet connection parts, and a second flow-path-inlet and a second flow-path-outlet connection parts, the device including an introducing unit for introducing a subject solution with a predetermined pressure into the first flow path from the first flow-path-inlet connection part, separating the subject solution into a concentrate and a permeate through the semipermeable membrane, passing the permeate through the second flow path, draining the concentrate from the first flow-path-outlet connection part, introducing the subject solution with a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure into the second flow path from the second flow-path-inlet connection part, and draining a diluent diluted with the permeate, from the second flow-path

Abstract: There is provided a functional element that includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate, and a buffer layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The buffer layer has, in a layer thereof, a distribution of concentration of a metallic element. The distribution changes in a film thickness direction.

Abstract: A structure body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first base having one surface, and having a density lower than a density that is determined by a crystal structure and a composition of a constituent material; a second base disposed to face the one surface of the first base; and a buffer layer provided between the first base and the second base, and containing at least a metal element.

Abstract: A structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first substrate; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate; a bonding layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a first decorative layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A functional element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; and a buffer layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The buffer layer has, in a layer thereof, a distribution of concentration of a metallic element. The distribution changes in a film thickness direction.

Abstract: An image capture apparatus is provided. The image capture apparatus includes a prism that separates light incident through a lens into at least two color components of light to be output and an image capture device that converts light separated by and output from the prism into a captured image signal. The image capture apparatus includes a fixing plate attached to the image capture device mounted on a substrate. In addition, the image capture apparatus includes a plurality of fixing members for fixing an unattached surface of the fixing plate, which is unattached to the image capture device, on a side surface of the prism through an adhesive.

Abstract: An image capture apparatus is provided. The image capture apparatus includes a prism that separates light incident through a lens into at least two color components of light to be output and an image capture device that converts light separated by and output from the prism into a captured image signal. The image capture apparatus includes a fixing plate attached to the image capture device mounted on a substrate. In addition, the image capture apparatus includes a plurality of fixing members for fixing an unattached surface of the fixing plate, which is unattached to the image capture device, on a side surface of the prism through an adhesive.

Abstract: A disk array system where a plurality of SATA drive enclosures are connected through an FC loop is made capable of continuing to process data even in the event of a fault. When the system is normally operated, a first system controller and a second system controller execute read/write operations from and to disks of a SATA drive enclosure of a disk array via a first interface connector and a second interface connector, respectively, through the FC loop. When an error occurs on a second backend FC loop, the second system controller disconnects itself from the failed second backend FC loop and switches the path to a first backend FC loop which is normally functioning, to access the disk drive.

Abstract: A polarized wave coupling optical isolator comprises a plane-parallel birefringent element for optical path control, which is provided to control an optical path according to a polarizing direction, a plane-parallel birefringent element for coupling and splitting, which is provided with a certain interval from the birefringent element for optical path control to couple lights of different optical paths having polarizing directions set orthogonal to each other, and to split lights of the same optical path, a nonreciprocal portion provided between the birefringent element for optical path control and the birefringent element for coupling and splitting, and constructed by including a combination of 45° Faraday rotator and a linear phasor for rotating a plane of polarization by 45°, two input ports installed on the birefringent element side for optical path control, and an output port installed on the birefringent element side for coupling and splitting.

Abstract: A disk array system where a plurality of SATA drive enclosures are connected through an FC loop is made capable of continuing to process data even in the event of a fault. When the system is normally operated, a first system controller and a second system controller execute read/write operations from and to disks of a SATA drive enclosure of a disk array via a first interface connector and a second interface connector, respectively, through the FC loop. When an error occurs on a second backend FC loop, the second system controller disconnects itself from the failed second backend FC loop and switches the path to a first backend FC loop which is normally functioning, to access the disk drive.

Abstract: A reflective optical switch comprises an input/output port portion; a polarization separator/combiner for separating lights in the same optical path and combining lights in different optical paths; a Faraday rotation angle changer; a polarization rotator for changing the relationship in polarizing direction between lights in different optical paths; a birefringence element for optical path control for controlling optical path shift in response to polarizing direction; and a polarization rotating reflector for rotating polarizing direction 90 degrees on forward and return paths. The input/output port portion, the polarization separator/combiner, the Faraday rotation angle changer, the polarization rotator, the birefringence element for optical path control, and the polarization rotating reflector are arranged along the optical path, and the Faraday rotation angle changer includes a Faraday element and an electromagnet for controlling 90-degree change in polarizing direction of transmitted light thereof.

Abstract: A first separating/combining birefringent element 10, first and second optical-path controlling birefringent elements 11, 12, and a second separating/combining birefringent element 13 are spaced apart. Between the first separating/combining birefringent element and the first optical-path controlling birefringent element, a first polarization rotating means 14 is arranged for changing a polarization direction from an orthogonal relationship to a parallel relationship, or from a parallel relationship to an orthogonal relationship. Also, between the second optical-path controlling birefringent element and the second separating/combining birefringent element, a second polarization rotating means 17 is arranged.

Abstract: A polarized wave coupling optical isolator comprises a plane-parallel birefringent element for optical path control, which is provided to control an optical path according to a polarizing direction, a plane-parallel birefringent element for coupling and splitting, which is provided with a certain interval from the birefringent element for optical path control to couple lights of different optical paths having polarizing directions set orthogonal to each other, and to split lights of the same optical path, a nonreciprocal portion provided between the birefringent element for optical path control and the birefringent element for coupling and splitting, and constructed by including a combination of 45° Faraday rotator and a linear phasor for rotating a plane of polarization by 45°, two input ports installed on the birefringent element side for optical path control, and an output port installed on the birefringent element side for coupling and splitting.

Abstract: A reflection-type variable optical attenuator comprises: a main attenuator unit including a first birefringent crystal plate, a Faraday rotational angle varying unit, and a second birefringent crystal plate arranged in this order; an input port and an output port that are arranged on a side of one end of the main attenuator unit; and a two-point reflection-type optical path varying reflector that is arranged on a side of the other end of the main attenuator unit. Light that comes in from the input port makes a round trip in the main attenuator unit and goes out through the output port.

Abstract: A disk array system where a plurality of SATA drive enclosures are connected through an FC loop is made capable of continuing to process data even in the event of a fault. When the system is normally operated, a first system controller and a second system controller execute read/write operations from and to disks of a SATA drive enclosure of a disk array via a first interface connector and a second interface connector, respectively, through the FC loop. When an error occurs on a second backend FC loop, the second system controller disconnects itself from the failed second backend FC loop and switches the path to a first backend FC loop which is normally functioning, to access the disk drive.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator is disclosed which comprises a plane-parallel birefringent element for separation/synthesis which separates light beams having orthogonal polarization directions on the same optical path, the birefringent element synthesizing light beams on different optical paths; a light converging lens disposed adjacent to the birefringent element for separation/synthesis; a reflecting mirror disposed at a focal point of the lens opposite to the birefringent element for separation/synthesis with respect to the lens; a variable polarization rotating device; and an input port and an output port which are disposed at the end of the birefringent element for separation/synthesis; the variable polarization rotating device being disposed at any position between the birefringent element for separation/synthesis and the reflecting mirror, the variable polarization rotating device controlling the rotational angle of the polarization direction of incident light beams from the input port, to thereby contr