Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a toner particle including a step of condensing a raw slurry by using a decanter-type centrifugal separator, in an aqueous medium. The step of condensing the raw slurry is carried out under following conditions: a centrifugal force is at least 500 G and less than 4000 G and a temperature is at least Tg?10° C. and not more than Tg+10° C. And a ratio of a colored particles in condensed slurry is within a prescribed range.

Abstract: A knocking detector is to detect knocking in the internal combustion engine in which a low-octane fuel is injected into a cylinder and a high-octane fuel whose octane number higher than an octane number of the low-octane fuel is injected into an inlet port. A knocking suppressor includes a first knocking suppressor and a second knocking suppressor. The first knocking suppressor is to increase a high-octane fuel ratio of an injection quantity of the high-octane fuel to a sum of an injection quantity of the low-octane fuel and the injection quantity of the high-octane fuel in order to suppress knocking in the internal combustion engine when the knocking detector detects the knocking. The second knocking suppressor is to suppress knocking of the internal combustion engine at a beginning of a period while the first knocking suppressor increases the high-octane fuel ratio.

Abstract: A toner comprises toner particles, each of which contains a binder resin, a colorant, a wax and a crystalline polyester. The melting point P(t) of the crystalline polyester is at least 65.0° C. and not more than 80.0° C., and regarding a storage elastic modulus G? obtained in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of the toner, where G? at 50° C. is denoted by G?(50), G? at 80° C. is denoted by G?(80), G? at 120° C. is denoted by G?(120), and G? at the melting point P(t) of the crystalline polyester is denoted by G?(t), the following formulas are satisfied: 4.2×108 Pa?G?(50), 3.0×102?G?(50)/G?(80), and G?(t)/G?(120)?7.0×102.

Abstract: A toner comprising toner particles, each of which contains a binder resin and a colorant, wherein an onset temperature Te (° C.) of a storage elastic modulus E? obtained in a powder dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner is at least 50° C. and not more than 70° C., and a value at Te (° C.) of a storage elastic modulus G? obtained in a pellet dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner is at least 4.0×107 Pa and not more than 1.0×1010 Pa.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a toner particle including a step of condensing a raw slurry by using a decanter-type centrifugal separator, in an aqueous medium. The step of condensing the raw slurry is carried out under following conditions: a centrifugal force is at least 500 G and less than 4000 G and a temperature is at least Tg?10° C. and not more than Tg+10° C. And a ratio of a colored particles in condensed slurry is within a prescribed range.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having cylinders each of which includes a fuel injection valve and an intake valve, includes an intake valve controller, a parameter acquiring device, and an injection quantity correcting device. The intake valve controller performs an effective-compression-ratio reducing operation. The parameter acquiring device acquires a correction parameter including at least one of a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, the valve closing timing of the intake valve, and an intake parameter indicating an intake fresh air amount flowing into the cylinders through an intake system. The injection quantity correcting device corrects a fuel injection quantity for the fuel injection valve in accordance with the acquired correction parameter to suppress variations among air/fuel ratios of air fuel mixtures in the cylinders while the intake valve controller performs the effective-compression-ratio reducing operation.

Abstract: A knocking detector is to detect knocking in the internal combustion engine in which a low-octane fuel is injected into a cylinder and a high-octane fuel whose octane number higher than an octane number of the low-octane fuel is injected into an inlet port. A knocking suppressor includes a first knocking suppressor and a second knocking suppressor. The first knocking suppressor is to increase a high-octane fuel ratio of an injection quantity of the high-octane fuel to a sum of an injection quantity of the low-octane fuel and the injection quantity of the high-octane fuel in order to suppress knocking in the internal combustion engine when the knocking detector detects the knocking. The second knocking suppressor is to suppress knocking of the internal combustion engine at a beginning of a period while the first knocking suppressor increases the high-octane fuel ratio.