Abstract: A modulation apparatus is disclosed. The modulation apparatus includes: first light-modulating elements installed for each of a plurality of illumination lights, a combining unit that combines the illumination light modulated by the respective first light-modulating elements and outputs as combined light; and a second light-modulating element that modulates the combined light, wherein the combining unit includes two prisms each having a total reflection plane which totally reflects the illumination light entering at a predetermined angle and allowing the illumination light entering at an angle different from the predetermined angle, and a reflection plane that reflects the illumination light totally reflected by the total reflection plane to a predetermined optical path directed toward the second light-modulating element, and the total reflection plane of a predetermined prism and the reflection plane of another prism different from the predetermined prism are in abutment with each other.

Abstract: A GaN-based semiconductor photocathode is applied to an electron tube. A GaN-based compound semiconductor layer is laterally grown on a substrate, and incorporated in the electron tube. The crystal defects of the compound semiconductor layer are reduced, whereby an electron tube which has inconceivably high sensitivity is realized.

Abstract: A projection type display device includes dichroic mirrors which separate the light from the light source into light of the three primary colors R, G and B, a plurality of color modulation light valves upon which the light beams separated by the dichroic mirrors are respectively incident and comprising a plurality of picture elements which are capable of being individually controlled with regard to their transmittivity ratios, a dichroic prism which combines the light beams from the color modulation light valves, a relay lens which forms the optical images of the color modulation light valves upon the picture element surface of a reflective type liquid crystal light valve, and a reflective type liquid crystal light valve upon which the light from the relay lens is incident and comprising a plurality of picture elements whose reflectivity ratios can be individually controlled.

Abstract: A projection-type display device 100 including a light source 10, a luminance modulation light valve having a plurality of pixels capable of independently controlling a transmission factor T1, dichroic mirrors 44a and 44b that divided the light from the luminance modulation light valve into the three primary colors of red, green and blue, a plurality of color modulation light valves into which light divided with dichroic mirrors 44a and 44b respectively enters and have a plurality of pixels capable of independently controlling a transmission factor T2, and a dichroic prism 48 that synthesizes light from each of the color modulation light valves, and is provided with a relay optical system 16 on the light path of a luminance modulation section 14 and a color modulation section 18 that forms an optical image of the luminance modulation light valve on the pixel surfaces of each of the color modulation light valves.

Abstract: An image display device includes: a light source; a first optical modulator that modulates a plurality of color lights coming from the light source; a color combination member that combines the color lights provided by the first optical modulator; a second optical modulator that modulates a light provided by the color combination member as a result of the color light combination; a relay optical system that is disposed between the color combination member and the second optical modulators and guides the light provided by the color combination member to the second optical modulator; and a light transmissive member that is disposed between the relay optical system and the second optical modulator, and has a function of allowing optical path conditions from the first optical modulator to the relay optical system via the color combination member to be substantially the same as optical path conditions from the relay optical system to the second optical modulator.

Abstract: A transmission secondary electron emitter is provided which emits secondary electrons generated by the incidence of primary electrons. The transmission secondary electron emitter includes a secondary electron emitting layer which is made of diamond or a material containing diamond as a main component, and of which one surface is the surface of incidence for making the primary electrons incident thereon, and the other surface is the surface of emission for emitting the secondary electrons. Also included is a voltage applying arrangement for applying a predetermined voltage between the surfaces of the incidence and the emission of the secondary electron emitting layer to form an electric field in the secondary electron emitting layer.

Abstract: A projector includes: a first light modulation device that modulates illumination light; a second light modulation device that further modulates the illumination light modulated by the first light modulation device; a projection unit that projects the modulated illumination light toward a screen; and an optical device moving unit that moves an optical device blocking at least part of the illumination light relatively to a light path of the illumination light to move the device off the light path in response to an external request.

Abstract: A display device includes a luminance modulator and a color modulator which are formed of separate modulators. Herein, when, in order to reproduce an input signal, a luminance control signal of the luminance modulator and a color control signal of the color modulator are determined by the input signal, a three-dimensional look up table which is created on the basis of a measurement result relating to the color control signal corresponding to the predetermined luminance value is used, whereby the color control signal of the color modulator is determined by the input signal.

Abstract: An image display device that displays an image by modulating a light from a light source according to display image data, includes: a first light modulation element that modulates a light emitted from the light source; and a second light modulation element that is disposed on an optical path in series with the first light modulation element and modulates a light exiting from the first light modulation element, wherein an opening in a unit pixel of the first light modulation element and an opening in a unit pixel of the second light modulation element are of analogous shapes.

Abstract: An image display device that displays an image by modulating a light from a light source according to display image data, includes: a first light modulation element that modulates a light emitted from the light source; and a second light modulation element that is disposed on an optical path in series with the first light modulation element and modulates a light exiting from the first light modulation element, wherein the first light modulation element and the second light modulation element are disposed in such a manner that a bright-field direction of an optical image of the first light modulation element and a bright-field direction of the second light modulation element almost coincide with each other.

Abstract: In the polycrystal diamond thin film in accordance with the present invention, the average particle size is at least 1.5 ?m and, in a Raman spectrum obtained by Raman spectroscopy, a peak intensity near a wave number of 1580 cm?1 has a ratio of 0.2 or less with respect to a peak intensity near a wave number of 1335 cm?1. The photocathode and electron tube in accordance with the present invention comprise the polycrystal diamond thin film as a light-absorbing layer.

Abstract: An image display device modulates light from a light source according to display image data and displays an image, and includes a first light modulation element that modulates light from the light source, a second light modulation element that modulates light from the first light modulation element, and an illumination optical system that leads a light beam, which has been modulated by the first light modulation element, to the second light modulation element; the illumination optical system comprising an optical element that spectrally illuminates a light beam from the first light modulation element to the second light modulation element at a predetermined position, the optical element being provided between the first light and second light modulation elements and the optical element including a prism group including prism elements, each prism element including a refractive surface that refracts an incident light in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an illuminant, etc., having a high response speed and a high luminous intensity. The illuminant comprises a substrate and a nitride semiconductor layer provided on one surface of the substrate. The nitride semiconductor layer emits fluorescence in response to incidence of electrons. At least part of the emitted fluorescence passes through the substrate, and then exits from the other surface of the substrate. Generation of the fluorescence is caused by incidence of electrons onto a quantum well structure of the nitride semiconductor layer and recombination of pairs of electrons and holes generated due to electron incidence, and the response speed of fluorescence generation is on the order of nanoseconds or less. Also, the luminous intensity of the fluorescence becomes equivalent to that of a conventional P47 fluorescent substance.

Abstract: A display control apparatus that controls first and second modulation sections optically connected in series includes a storage unit and a control unit. The storage unit stores information to specify a defective pixel of the first modulation section. The control unit controls the second modulation section in response to a defect of the defective pixel being stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for controlling a display apparatus including a luminance modulation element and a color modulation element that are configured using different modulation elements, includes: a control value determination unit that determines, based on an input target color value, using a plurality of color conversion matrixes that describe a relationship between the target color value and a control value for the color modulation element for each control value for the luminance modulation element, the control value for the color modulation element; and a correction unit that non-linearly corrects the control value for the color modulation element according to a characteristic of the color modulation element.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can provide an image display device for modulating light from a light source on the basis of display image data to display an image. The image display device can include a first optically modulating device for modulating light from the light source, a second optically modulating device for modulating light from the first optically modulating device, a relay lens system provided between the first optically modulating device and the second optically modulating device for forming an optical image of the first optically modulating device on a light-receiving surface of the second optically modulating device, and at least one reflecting optical device provided between plural lenses forming the relay lens system.

Abstract: A projection-type display device 100 including a light source 10, a luminance modulation light valve having a plurality of pixels capable of independently controlling a transmission factor T1, dichroic mirrors 44a and 44b that divided the light from the luminance modulation light valve into the three primary colors of red, green and blue, a plurality of color modulation light valves into which light divided with dichroic mirrors 44a and 44b respectively enters and have a plurality of pixels capable of independently controlling a transmission factor T2, and a dichroic prism 48 that synthesizes light from each of the color modulation light valves, and is provided with a relay optical system 16 on the light path of a luminance modulation section 14 and a color modulation section 18 that forms an optical image of the luminance modulation light valve on the pixel surfaces of each of the color modulation light valves.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can provide an image display apparatus for displaying an image by modulating light from a light source based on display image data. The apparatus can include a first light modulator device can modulate light from the light source, a second light modulator device that can modulate the light from the first light modulator device, and a polarization compensation system disposed between the first light modulator device and the second light modulator device for compensating a polarization state of light.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus used for a projection type display is provided, which can change the incident ray volume to an optical modulation device without changing the optical output intensity of the lamp, and can exhibit excellent effects in expressive power of an image and adaptability to the use environment. The lighting apparatus of the present invention comprises; a light source, two fly-eye lenses constituting a uniform lighting device, and a shading plate arranged between these fly-eye lenses and constituting a dimming device for adjusting the amount of light of the outgoing light from the light source. The angle of inclination of the shading plate is controlled based on an image signal supplied to the optical modulation device, thereby enabling adjustment of the amount of light.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide an optical display device that modulates light from a light source in two stages through an optical modulator and a luminance adjusting element to expand the luminance dynamic range and the number of the gradation levels of a display image, that allows the picture quality to be enhanced, and that is suitably applied to display an image according to the resolution of the luminance adjusting element having a higher resolution than the optical modulator. Exemplary embodiments provide a projection type display device that converts RGB pixel values in HDR display data into YCbCr pixel values, selects the maximum Ymax from corresponding YCbCr values on a pixel-basis in a color modulation light valve, and calculates average values Cbave and Crave.