Abstract: Provided is a new control method that causes no time lag or hunting when a power conversion direction is reversed. The power conversion apparatus includes switching elements (S1 and S2) that alternately perform switching and are capable of reversing the power conversion direction without suspension, and an up/down counter register (RT) that has two different thresholds and selects counting up at a smaller threshold, counting down at a larger threshold, and holding of the value between the two thresholds. According to the value of the up/down counter register (RT), a gate pulse is generated to control the switching of the switching elements (S1 and S2).

Abstract: Provided is a new control method that causes no time lag or hunting when a power conversion direction is reversed. The power conversion apparatus includes switching elements (S1 and S2) that alternately perform switching and are capable of reversing the power conversion direction without suspension, and an up/down counter register (RT) that has two different thresholds and selects counting up at a smaller threshold, counting down at a larger threshold, and holding of the value between the two thresholds. According to the value of the up/down counter register (RT), a gate pulse is generated to control the switching of the switching elements (S1 and S2).

Abstract: A high-reliability computer program, a program executing device, a program creating program for creating a high-reliability computer program, and a state displaying program are provided. The computer program is constituted of a set of capsule programs having the same structure and executed by a computer. Each capsule program allows a computer to function open data area elements where open data acquirable by another capsule program is set, open data acquiring elements for acquiring the open data set in the open data area elements in another capsule program, and main processing elements for executing a predetermined computation of the open data acquired by the open data acquiring elements and setting at least a part of the result of the computation as the open data in the open data area elements.

Abstract: There is provided a high-efficiency DC-DC converter which comprises a voltage resonance circuit to which electric power from a low-voltage direct-current power supply, including a household fuel cell and a solar cell, is input and performs DC-AC conversion by zero-voltage switching, an insulating high-frequency transformer which transmits the converted power, a current resonance circuit which is provided on the secondary side of the transformer and performs zero-current switching, a rectifier circuit which rectifies the output from the current resonance circuit, and a smoothing circuit which rectifies the output from the rectifier circuit.

Abstract: There is provided a high-efficiency DC-DC converter which comprises a voltage resonance circuit to which electric power from a low-voltage direct-current power supply, including a household fuel cell and a solar cell, is input and performs DC-AC conversion by zero-voltage switching, an insulating high-frequency transformer which transmits the converted power, a current resonance circuit which is provided on the secondary side of the transformer and performs zero-current switching, a rectifier circuit which rectifies the output from the current resonance circuit, and a smoothing circuit which rectifies the output from the rectifier circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining the size or the size distribution of fine particles. A single particle or a group of particles are shone by a parallel polarized beam of a single wave length and the scattered intensity on the plane of polarization of the incident beam is measured by a photodetecting array. For a single particle the size is determined from the peak scattering angle at which the profile of the product of the scattered intensity and the scattering angle has the peak. On the other hand, for a group of particles, the size distribution is determined from the angular variation of the scattered intensity or the profile of the product of the scattered intensity and the scattering angle measured on the plane of polarization of the incident beam.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion sensor for measuring particle size or size distribution based on the light scattering phenomena with excellent precision and higher resolving power. The sensor is characterized in that 8 or more arcuate photoelectric conversion elements each being defined by two concentric arcs with different radii and two adjacent elements in the radial direction are so arranged that the gaps in the radial direction between two adjacent elements in the radial direction can be substantially eliminated by shifting them in the circumferential direction.