Abstract: A new method of measuring the soiling of floor surfaces or the like, capable of numerically and objectively measuring and grasping the soiling of floor surfaces and wall surfaces, in particular, the soiling of fiber floors, such as carpet floors, comprising the following steps: a step of illuminating a measurement surface of a floor surface in all directions by using diffused light from a diffusion chamber and a diffusion plate, a step of receiving light reflected by the measurement surface at the opening end of an optical fiber bundle disposed in the direction perpendicular to the measurement surface, a step of obtaining a color difference value between the surface color of the measurement surface obtained by measuring the received light and the surface-color of a standard plate obtained by making measurement in the similar way, and a step of numerically measuring the soiling of the floor surface depending on the change with time in the color difference value.

Abstract: A method of automatically mixing and controlling two fuel oils A and B substantially different in temperature prior to mixing in a desired ratio and a method of automatically mixing and controlling a mixture ratio of the two oils A and B at a specified temperature gradient in time of mixing. The methods make it possible to reduce cost of the devices concerned, protect engines against thermal shock, and automatize mixing and mutual changeover of the two oils A and B.

Abstract: In an apparatus for detecting the level of fuel oil in a tank of a vessel to control the quantity of fuel oil in the tank, a sensing pipe having a sensing hole in its lower portion is inserted into the tank and gas is continuously supplied into the sensing pipe. Hence, the pressure in the sensing pipe is continuously increased as the level of fuel oil is raised above the level of the sensing hole. When this pressure reaches a desired value, a fluid pressure response device connected to the sensing pipe is operated by the pressure to operate an alarm device, thereby to detect the level of fuel oil above the sensing hole. The pressure in the sensing pipe required to operate the alarm device can be set to a desired value.

Abstract: An ink feeding apparatus used for an offset printing press being adapted to provide simultaneous ink agitation substantially along the entire length of the ink supply line so that ink can be fed little by little continuously in operation as soon as it starts, thereby enabling the smooth feeding of ink for the next operation and to prevent droplet falling of ink.