Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell which has a solid electrolyte having an air electrode and a fuel electrode on its upper surface and its lower surface respectively, an air distributor and a fuel distributor provided on the air electrode and the fuel electrode respectively, spacers disposed at both sides of the air distributor and the fuel distributor, an interconnector, and barrier films disposed between the spacers and the interconnector.

Abstract: A method of grinding plural journal portions of a workpiece with plural grinding wheels. In the method, a pair of work rests are used to support two selected journal portions, and the selected two journal portions have a larger initial diameter as compared with the rest of the journal portions. Initially, the selected journal portions are ground without using the work rests. When the diameter of the selected journal portions becomes substantially equal to the diameters of the rest of the journal portions, the work rests are advanced to support the selected journal portions. After that, the grinding wheels are again advanced to grind all the journal portions.

Abstract: A distributor which is a component of a solid oxide Fuel cell and works to distribute a fuel gas or air to a fuel gas side electrode or an air side electrode evenly. A base of the distributor is porous, and the porous base is coated with a reinforcing agent and a conductive agent.

Abstract: An external magnetic field device for a magnetooptical information recording and reproducing apparatus in which an external magnetic field to be applied to a magnetooptical information recording medium is modulated by supplying to a magnetic head an alternate current the polarity of which is changed according to information to be recorded. The device comprises an offset circuit for producing an offset in the alternate current. The direction of the offset is selected so as to increase the current level of the polarity by which the initial magnetization of the information recording medium is reversed. The direction of the offset may be selected so as to cancel the leakage magnetic field.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid oxide fuel cell of a laminate structure. A solid electrolyte having a fuel side electrode and an air side electrode on either side and conductive distributors are arranged one upon another so as to form a cell in the shape of a disk. Further, thus made cells are connected via interconnectors so as to form a solid oxide fuel cell of a laminate structure.

Abstract: An optical card including an optical storage medium and a single or a plurality of members made of a magnetic material which are incorporated with the optical card is set forth. A card holder for holding the optical card consists of a table for supporting the optical card and a single member or a plurality of members made of a magnetic material for attracting the optical card. An apparatus for recording and reproducing information on and from the optical card held by the card holder includes a light-irradiating unit for emitting light beams onto the optical storage medium of the optical card and a drive unit for relatively moving the card holder and the light-irradiating unit for tracking, with which the recording, reproducing, or erasing operation can be accurately carried out.

Abstract: An optical card recording and reproducing device including an optical head for emitting a light beam spot to the optical card having a plurality of parallel data tracks to which data is recorded; a transfer system for transferring the optical card and/or the optical head; and a track number confirmation means for confirming the track number recorded in the address data area in the data track of the optical card. The optical card recording and reproducing device also includes a transfer stopping means for stopping the optical head when an incorrect track number is deleted. The system minimizes the relative transfer distance between the optical card and the optical head, and at the same time, the total relative transfer distance of the optical card and/or the optical head when confirming the track number more than twice. Thus, the total time required for track number confirmation can be greatly shortened.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating a magneto-optic medium includes a magnetic biasing field developing device for developing a magnetic biasing field which is applied to the magneto-optic medium when the magneto-optic medium erases or records data. Additionally, a neutral-position controller is provided for positioning permanent magnets of the magnetic biasing field developing device in a neutral position with respect to the medium when the magnetic biasing field developing device is switched off. Thereby, the neutral-position controller maintains the medium at the neutral position with respect to the permanent magnets until the magnetic biasing developing device is switched on and the permanent magnets are placed in a field applying position.

Abstract: Somatic hybrids of Rutaceae plants were obtained by allowing the protoplasts from embryogenic cells of a Rutaceae plant, which are of the nucellar origin, resistant to fusion treatment, and have a high proliferation activity, to fuse with the protoplasts of another Rutaceae plant having no proliferation activity, and then cultivating the fused protoplasts in a medium not containing a phytohormone but containing a saccharide in a concentration suitable for the selective embryogenesis of the hybrid cells.

Abstract: A connecting method and a container wherein a connecting tube of a blood pump or humor circulating circuit is connected to a tube such as a cannula mounted on a circulatory system organ in such a way that no bubbles enter the tubes, in order to pour blood or humor substitution fluid into the circulatory system organ.