Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A method of forming a gas spacer in a semiconductor device and a semiconductor device including the same are disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment, a method includes forming a gate stack over a substrate; forming a first gate spacer on sidewalls of the gate stack; forming a second gate spacer on sidewalls of the first gate spacer; removing the second gate spacer using an etching process to form a first opening, the etching process being performed at a temperature less than 0° C., the etching process using an etching solution including hydrogen fluoride; and depositing a dielectric layer over the first gate spacer and the gate stack, the dielectric layer sealing a gas spacer in the first opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound for effectively preventing nerve damage and protecting nerves, and a preparation method thereof. Besides, the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the novel compound, and a use of the novel compound for preventing nerve damage and protecting nerves.

Abstract: An out-of-order buffer includes an out-of-order queue and a controlling circuit. The out-of-order queue includes a request sequence table and a request storage device. The controlling circuit receives and temporarily stores the plural requests into the out-of-order queue. After the plural requests are transmitted to plural corresponding target devices, the controlling circuit retires the plural requests. The request sequence table contains m×n indicating units. The request sequence table contains m entry indicating rows. Each of the m entry indicating rows contains n indicating units. The request storage device includes m storage units corresponding to the m entry indicating rows in the request sequence table. The state of indicating whether one request is stored in the corresponding storage unit of the m storage units is recoded in the request sequence table. The storage sequence of the plural requests is recoded in the request sequence table.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure is provided. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate, a channel layer, a barrier layer, a compound semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, and a stack of dielectric layers. The channel layer is disposed on the substrate. The barrier layer is disposed on the channel layer. The compound semiconductor layer is disposed on the barrier layer. The gate electrode is disposed on the compound semiconductor layer. The stack of dielectric layers is disposed on the gate electrode. The stack of dielectric layers includes layers having different etching rates.

Abstract: A layout pattern of a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) includes a substrate having a first cell region, a second cell region, a third cell region, and a fourth cell region and a diffusion region on the substrate extending through the first cell region, the second cell region, the third cell region, and the fourth cell region. Preferably, the diffusion region includes a H-shape according to a top view.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A dual-comb measuring system is provided. The dual comb measuring system may include a bi-directional mode-locked femtosecond laser, a high-speed rotation stage, and a fiber coupler. The high-speed rotation stage may be coupled to a pump diode.

Abstract: A bidirectional mode-locked fiber laser includes first and second passive optical fibers, a doped optical fiber, first and second polarization controllers, and first and second polarized beamsplitters that are arranged as a ring cavity with clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) directions. The laser imparts different nonlinear phase shifts in the CW and CCW directions, corresponding to CW and CCW repetition rates that are slightly different. When the normalized difference in repetition rates is less than approximately 10?5, both directions can be mode-locked simultaneously, thereby preventing one direction from inhibiting mode-locking of the other direction. Optical-fiber nonlinearity implements an intra-cavity bidirectional artificial saturable absorber based on nonlinear polarization rotation. The laser uses only components with normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD), thereby achieving higher pulse energies than mode-locked lasers utilizing negative GVD.

Abstract: A bidirectional mode-locked fiber laser includes first and second passive optical fibers, a doped optical fiber, first and second polarization controllers, and first and second polarized beamsplitters that are arranged as a ring cavity with clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) directions. The laser imparts different nonlinear phase shifts in the CW and CCW directions, corresponding to CW and CCW repetition rates that are slightly different. When the normalized difference in repetition rates is less than approximately 10?5, both directions can be mode-locked simultaneously, thereby preventing one direction from inhibiting mode-locking of the other direction. Optical-fiber nonlinearity implements an intra-cavity bidirectional artificial saturable absorber based on nonlinear polarization rotation. The laser uses only components with normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD), thereby achieving higher pulse energies than mode-locked lasers utilizing negative GVD.

Abstract: A dual-comb measuring system is provided. The dual comb measuring system may include a bi-directional mode-locked femtosecond laser, a high-speed rotation stage, and a fiber coupler. The high-speed rotation stage may be coupled to a pump diode.

Abstract: A touchpad and a sending unit for the same are provided. The sensing unit has two electrode layers and a separation assembly. The separation assembly has multiple deformation rooms and multiple gap assemblies. The deformation rooms communicate with the gap assemblies. The gap assemblies communicate with the exterior environment. When the upper electrode layer is pressed and deforms in the deformation rooms, the air in the deformation rooms is discharged through the gap assemblies so that the air does not accumulate in the remaining unstressed spaces to avoid resistance and to maintain the normal operation of the force sensing function.

Abstract: Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention implement all-microwave stabilized microresonator-based optical frequency comb. In one embodiment, an all-microwave stabilized microresonator-based optical frequency comb includes: an optical pump configured to generate pulses of light; a microresonator including an input configured to receive pulses generated by an optical pump and an output configured to generate an optical frequency comb signal characterized by frep and ?; where frep describes spacing of frequency components in the optical frequency comb; where the optical frequency comb includes a primary comb and a plurality of subcombs and ? is a frequency offset between subcombs; and two phase locked loops that phase lock frep and ? to low noise microwave oscillators by modulating output power and pump frequency of the optical pump.

Abstract: A frequency modulated continuous wave LiDAR system is disclosed that may be scalable and integrated in compact and demanding environments.

Abstract: A touchpad and a sending unit for the same are provided. The sensing unit has two electrode layers and a separation assembly. The separation assembly has multiple deformation rooms and multiple gap assemblies. The deformation rooms communicate with the gap assemblies. The gap assemblies communicate with the exterior environment. When the upper electrode layer is pressed and deforms in the deformation rooms, the air in the deformation rooms is discharged through the gap assemblies so that the air does not accumulate in the remaining unstressed spaces to avoid resistance and to maintain the normal operation of the force sensing function.

Abstract: Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention implement all-microwave stabilized microresonator-based optical frequency comb. In one embodiment, an all-microwave stabilized microresonator-based optical frequency comb includes: an optical pump configured to generate pulses of light; a microresonator including an input configured to receive pulses generated by an optical pump and an output configured to generate an optical frequency comb signal characterized by frep and ?; where frep describes spacing of frequency components in the optical frequency comb; where the optical frequency comb includes a primary comb and a plurality of subcombs and ? is a frequency offset between subcombs; and two phase locked loops that phase lock frep and ? to low noise microwave oscillators by modulating output power and pump frequency of the optical pump.

Abstract: Based on graphene heterostructure in chip-scale silicon nitride microresonators, optoelectronic control and modulation in frequency combs via group velocity dispersion modulation can be demonstrated. By tuning graphene Fermi level from 0.50 eV to 0.65 eV via electric-field gating, deterministic in-cavity group velocity dispersion control from anomalous (?62 fs2/mm) to normal (+9 fs2/mm) can be achieved with Q factor remaining high at 106. Consequently, both the primary comb lines and the full comb spectra can be controllable dynamically with the on/off switching of the Cherenkov radiation, the tuning of the primary comb lines from 2.3 THz to 7.2 THz, and the comb span control from zero comb lines to ˜781 phase-locked comb lines, directly via the DC voltage.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons on-chip are provided. Microresonators are also provided for producing such solitons. The solitons may be enabled by real-time dynamical measurements on frequency combs. Methods are further provided to determine the temporal structure of the intracavity field in both the fast time axis, with ultrafast time-lens magnifiers at 600 fs timing resolutions, and the slow time axis via optical sampling with a synchronized fiber frequency comb reference. An order-of-magnitude enlarged stability zone of the dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons is achieved versus the static regimes.

Abstract: A dual-comb measuring system is provided. The dual comb measuring system may include a bi-directional mode-locked femtosecond laser, a high-speed rotation stage, and a fiber coupler. The high-speed rotation stage may be coupled to a pump diode.