Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a recombinant Candida cell, which involves genetically engineering a parent Candida cell using a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)(CRISPR/Cas) system. A recombinant Candida cell obtained using the process and a method for producing D-lactic acid from a biomass using the recombinant Candida cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for processing a cotton-containing textile waste includes: separating cotton fibers from a batch of the textile waste; pretreating the cotton fibers by soaking in a hydroxide-ion-containing solution to obtain a mixture including pretreated carbon fibers; removing a liquid portion from the mixture to obtain the pretreated carbon fibers; subjecting the pretreated carbon fibers to enzymatic hydrolysis to form a sugary juice containing glucose; and e) adding the liquid portion as part of the hydroxide-ion-containing solution for pretreating the cotton fibers separated from a next batch of the textile waste.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a recombinant Candida cell, which involves genetically engineering a parent Candida cell using a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)(CRISPR/Cas) system. A recombinant Candida cell obtained using the process and a method for producing D-lactic acid from a biomass using the recombinant Candida cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing lactic acid from a biomass-based material includes: cultivating a strain of Bacillus spp. or recombinant Candida spp. capable of yielding lactic acid by consumption of hexose and pentose in a seed medium containing molasses and corn steep liquor, so as to obtain a seed culture of the strain in the seed medium; and fermenting the biomass-based material with the seed culture of the strain. The biomass contains a fermentable sugar. Genomic DNA of the recombinant Candida spp. includes a gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase, and pdc gene in the genomic DNA of the recombinant Candida spp. is deleted, disrupted or disabled.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a recombinant yeast cell, which includes providing a parent yeast cell that can produce ethanol by consuming a hexose and a pentose, and subjecting the parent yeast cell to a genetic modification treatment. The genetic modification treatment includes deleting, disrupting, or disabling the fps1 gene of the parent yeast cell, introducing a gene encoding xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) into the genome of the parent yeast cell for over-production of XDH, and deleting, disrupting, or disabling the gpd1 and gpd2 genes of the parent yeast cell in a sequential order.