Abstract: A light guiding apparatus for optical pen comprising a light source, an optical sensor and a light guide is disclosed. The light source emits light towards an outlying surface where the optical sensor captures a reflected imaging light that travels in a direction defined with a captured light. The light guide is made of light conducting material and consists of a light-inlet, an extension member, and a light-outlet. The light-inlet is disposed near the light source. The extension member extends a predetermined distance from the light-inlet essentially along a direction parallel and opposite to the captured light. The light-outlet is situated at an end of extension member farther away from the light-inlet. The light emitted by the light source is first guided by the light guide and then illuminates on the outlying surface at an inclined angle ranged between 21˜50 degrees to enhance the contrast and recognizability of reflected imaging light.

Abstract: An optical pen comprising a shaft, a pen tip, a light source and an optical sensor. The shaft extends a predetermined length along an axial direction. The pen tip is arranged at one end of the shaft and situated in the same axial direction. The light source produces light that illuminates an outlying surface near the pen tip to generate a reflected imaging light traveling along a light path. The light path has at least a portion near the pen tip overlapping with said axial direction. The optical sensor is disposed in the light path to receive the imaging light and convert it into electrical signals. In light that the light path that captures imaging light from the optical pen is coaxial with the pen tip, when the optical pen is used for writing, the traveling speed, direction, and distance of images captured by the optical sensor are identical to those of the pen tip.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a head having a chamber to rotatably receive a follower, and a peripheral bulge extended into the chamber, to form an annular channel between the follower and the head. The follower includes six sides each having a recess to form six pairs of curved actuating surfaces, a cap is rotatably secured to the head and includes three or more actuator fingers to form three spaces between the actuator fingers and to receive rollers. The curved actuating surfaces of the follower are arranged to allow the rollers to be solidly engaged between the follower and the peripheral bulge of head.