Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates for which a homeotropic alignment treatment is performed; a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates; and a transverse electric field generating electrode capable of being driven in a matrix driving manner which is provided on at least one of the pair of substrates and is connected to external control means. A liquid crystal material contained in the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal material which, as a whole liquid crystal layer, generates spontaneous polarization by a piezoelectric effect.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pair of electrode substrates opposing each other, a polymer wall, and a liquid crystal region surrounded by the polymer wall, the polymer wall and the liquid crystal region being sandwiched by the pair of electrode substrates. At least one of a concave portion and a convex portion is formed on a surface of at least one of the pair of electrode substrates facing the liquid crystal region, and liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the liquid crystal region axial-symmetrically around the vicinity of the at least one of concave portion and convex portion as an axis vertical to the electrode substrates.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes a display medium sandwiched between a plasma generation substrate having channels for generating plasma and a counter substrate. In this liquid crystal display device, the display medium includes liquid crystal regions and polymer regions, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal regions are axisymmetrically aligned.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a display medium containing at least liquid crystal between a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent. At least one of the pair of substrates is provided with a film having a concave portion on the side of the display medium. The concave portion has a bottom portion in a vicinity of a center when viewed from a normal direction of the substrate. Liquid crystal molecules contained in the display medium are oriented axisymmetrically around the bottom portion or the vicinity thereof. The contour defining the concave portion in a vertical plane bisecting the bottom portion is a curve and the sign of a second differential of the curve is positive or negative or partially positive and partially negative or the gradient of a surface of the film having the concave portion continuously changes at a border between a pixel portion where the liquid crystal region lies and a non-pixel portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates with a display medium interposed therebetween, includes: a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines provided on one of the pair or substrates so as to cross each other; a plurality of switching elements, each of the switching elements being connected with one of the scanning lines and one of the data lines; an insulating layer provided so as to cover the plurality of scanning lines, the plurality of data lines, and the plurality of switching elements; a plurality of pixel electrodes provided on the insulating layer, each of the pixel electrodes partially overlapping at least one scanning line and at least one data line; and a plurality of contact holes formed in the insulating layer, through each of which an output terminal of a respective switching element and a respective pixel electrode are connected.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes: a liquid crystal display device; an illumination device for irradiating the liquid crystal display device with collimated light; and a control device for electrically controlling a direction of travel of light going out from or entering the liquid crystal display device, thereby having adjustable viewing angle characteristics.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having an input function includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate; a display medium provided between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first electrode provided between the first substrate and the display medium; a second electrode provided between the second substrate and the display medium; spacers for supporting the second substrate and the third substrate with respect to each other; and at least two electrodes provided between the second substrate and the third substrate. The display medium includes a polymer projection and a liquid crystal region at least partially surrounded by the polymer projection, and the first, second and third substrates are each formed of a polymer material, at least one of the first, second and third substrates has a polarizing function, and at least one of the first, second and third substrates has a phase contrasting function.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid crystal display device, which is used as one of a pair of substrates provided so as to face each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. The substrate includes a plate, an electrodeposition layer formation electrode and an electrodeposition layer provided so that the electrodeposition layer formation electrode is disposed closer to the plate than the electrodeposition layer. The electrodeposition layer formation electrode includes a region having a surface conductivity lower than that of another region in each pixel region and the low surface conductivity region has a shape of at least one line. The surface of the electrodeposition layer has a concave shape having a lowermost portion at a position corresponding to the low surface conductivity region so that liquid crystal regions each having a different orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules partitioned by the low surface conductivity region are formed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes substrates opposed to each other, a polymeric layer patterned into a predetermined pattern, and a liquid crystal layer at least partially surrounded by the polymeric layer. The polymeric layer and the liquid crystal layer are interposed between the substrates. The polymeric layer is at least partially formed by polymerizing a liquid crystalline polymerization precursor in a state where the molecules of the liquid crystalline polymerization precursor are aligned in a predetermined direction by an alignment regulating force of at least one of the substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrates and including a plurality of liquid crystal regions substantially surrounded by polymer walls; a sealing agent surrounding a periphery of the liquid crystal layer except for a portion where an injection hole is formed to seal the liquid crystal layer and secure the substrates together; and a sealant for sealing the injection hole, wherein the polymer walls include an ultraviolet light curable resin, and the sealant includes a visible light curable resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates and a display medium sandwiched between the electrode substrates and including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall. In this liquid crystal display device, the polymeric wall is tightly attached to both the electrode substrates. Furthermore, the invention also provides a method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a display medium including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall and sandwiched between the electrode substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates and a display medium sandwiched between the electrode substrates and including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall. In this liquid crystal display device, the polymeric wall is tightly attached to both the electrode substrates. Furthermore, the invention also provides a method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a display medium including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall and sandwiched between the electrode substrates.

Abstract: A color filter of the present invention includes: a conductive layer having low conductivity regions; and a plurality of colored regions included in a colored layer on the conductive layer, wherein each of the colored regions has a concave portion at a position corresponding to each of the low conductivity regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates and a display medium sandwiched between the electrode substrates and including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall. In this liquid crystal display device, the polymeric wall is tightly attached to both the electrode substrates. Furthermore, the invention also provides a method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a display medium including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall and sandwiched between the electrode substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, at least one of which bears plural areas formed by using a uniform arrangement of surface free energy; a polymeric wall made of a polymeric material formed by polymerizing a polymerizable material, sandwiched between the substrates and formed in part of the plural areas having a first surface free energy; and a plurality of liquid crystal regions made of a liquid crystal material substantially surrounded by the polymeric wall, sandwiched between the substrates, and formed in another part of the plural areas having a second surface free energy. In this liquid crystal display device, positions of the areas having the first surface free energy, the areas having the second surface free energy, the polymeric wall and the liquid crystal region are determined so that the first surface free energy .gamma..sub.P, the second surface free energy .gamma..sub.E, surface free energy .gamma..sub.

Abstract: A display medium layer is sandwiched between a TFT substrate and a counter substrate. In the display medium layer, resin walls are respectively formed in regions other than those where a plurality of segmented electrodes are formed, and liquid crystal portions are respectively formed in regions between the respective resin walls, corresponding to those where the segmented electrodes are formed. Disclination lines are formed on the interfaces between the resin walls and the liquid crystal regions. In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal regions are radially oriented and at least one liquid crystal domain is formed in each liquid crystal region.

Abstract: The polymeric compound of this invention is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a hydrogen atom or ##STR2## B represents a hydrogen atom or ##STR3## each of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 represents independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, each of m and n represents independently an integer of 0 to 14, each of p and q represents independently 0 or 1, and each of Y1 , Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, and Y.sub.4 represents independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, with the proviso that both A and B are not hydrogen atoms, p is 0 when m is 0, and q is 0 when n is 0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pair of electrode substrates opposing each other, a polymer wall, and a liquid crystal region surrounded by the polymer wall, the polymer wall and the liquid crystal region being sandwiched by the pair of electrode substrates. At least one of a concave portion and a convex portion is formed on a surface of at least one of the pair of electrode substrates facing the liquid crystal region, and liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the liquid crystal region axial-symmetrically around the vicinity of the at least one of concave portion and convex portion as an axis vertical to the electrode substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes: a pair of electrode substrates including a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix shape and an electrode formed on a surface of each electrode substrate, at least one of the surfaces being subjected to a rubbing treatment; a wall-like structure formed between the pair of electrode substrates, the wall-like structure including unit walls, and each unit wall corresponding to one of the plurality of pixels; and a liquid crystal layer at least partially partitioned by the wall-like structure and including liquid crystal regions between the pair of electrode substrates, each liquid crystal region corresponding to one of the plurality of pixels, wherein liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal regions have a plane-symmetrical orientation with respect to a plane taken in the middle of and in parallel to the electrode substrates, the liquid crystal molecules having a bend orientation.

Abstract: The polymeric compound of this invention is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a hydrogen atom or ##STR2## B represents a hydrogen atom or ##STR3## each of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 represents independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, each of m and n represents independently an integer of 0 to 14, each of p and q represents independently 0 or 1, and each of Y1, Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, and Y.sub.4, represents independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, with the proviso that both A and B are not hydrogen atoms, p is 0 when m is 0, and q is 0 when n is 0.