Abstract: This application provides a method and a related communication apparatus applicable to the communication field. In the method, a network device receives a first notification message sent by a terminal device, where the first notification message indicates that the terminal device has completed training on a target model, and the first notification message includes a model name corresponding to the target model. The network device then determines policy information based on the uplink channel state information of the terminal device; and sends a lightweight indication message to the terminal device.

Abstract: A second access network device determines first load information and sends the first load information to a first access network device. Correspondingly, the first access network device receives the first load information, and uses the first load information. For example, the first access network device determines, based on the first load information, whether to perform an energy saving operation or load balancing. The first load information indicates load that is in a cell of the second access network device and that is associated with a first-type terminal device, the first-type terminal device has a capability of accessing the first access network device and the second access network device, and the first access network device and the second access network device belong to different systems.

Abstract: Example grouping methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided. One example method includes receiving, by a central unit, a first interference intensity indication reported by at least one distributed unit. The central unit can then group the at least one distributed unit into at least one first distributed unit group based on the first interference intensity indication. The central unit can then send, to a controller, a distributed unit grouping indication and a second interference intensity indication that corresponds to the at least one first distributed unit group, where the distributed unit grouping indication is used to indicate the at least one first distributed unit group.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a communication method, apparatus, and system, and relate to the field of communication technologies, to resolve a technical problem that overall energy consumption of a communication system cannot be reduced because quality of service of a terminal device is poor due to a service characteristic or improper load determining of an access network device. The method includes: A first access network device obtains first energy efficiency, and performs an energy saving operation based on the first energy efficiency, where the first energy efficiency is determined based on performance and energy consumption that correspond to a first object in a second access network device.

Abstract: This application provides data transmission methods and communication apparatuses, and relates to the field of communication technologies for saving transmission resources. In an implementation, a method includes: receiving, by a terminal device from a network device, information about a first selection method that indicates a method for selecting first data associated with a machine learning (ML) task, performing, by the terminal device, data selection by using the first selection method, to obtain the first data, and sending, by the terminal device, the first data to the network device.

Abstract: Model evaluation methods and apparatuses are described, which may be applied to systems such as 5G and vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In an example model evaluation method, an inference device determines an inference output of a machine learning model based on an inference input of the machine learning model, where the machine learning model is determined based on first configuration information. The inference device sends a first message to a measurement device, where the first message includes a measurement object, the measurement object is determined based on the inference output, and the first message is used to request a measurement result of the measurement object. The inference device receives the measurement result from the measurement device, where the measurement result corresponds to the inference output. The inference device sends an evaluation result to an update device, where the evaluation result is determined based on the inference output and the measurement result.

Abstract: A collaborative inference method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: the terminal device determines a first inference result based on a first machine learning (ML) submodel, where the first ML submodel is a part of an ML model. The terminal device sends the first inference result. Then, the terminal device receives a target inference result, where the target inference result is an inference result that is of the ML model and that is determined based on the first inference result.

Abstract: This application provides a computing data transmission method and apparatus, to transmit computing data such as a computing model. The method includes: A terminal device sends a first message to an access network device, where the first message requests the access network device to set up a first radio bearer, and the first radio bearer carries computing data. The terminal device receives a second message sent by the access network device, and sets up the first radio bearer based on radio bearer configuration information carried in the second message.

Abstract: An information processing method includes a first access network device sending application layer measurement configuration information to a terminal, and the first access network device receiving an application layer measurement report from the terminal. The application layer measurement configuration information includes identification information. The identification information indicates a network slice. The application layer measurement report includes an application layer measurement result of the network slice.

Abstract: A first access network device sends, to a terminal device, an application layer measurement configuration used to indicate the terminal device to perform quality of experience measurement and collection on a first service. The application layer measurement configuration includes a type of the first service and an indicator of quality of experience of the first service. The type of the first service includes one or more of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and 5th Generation Media Streaming (5GMS). The first access network device receives an application layer measurement report from the terminal device. The application layer measurement report includes the type of the first service and a value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience of the first service.

Abstract: This application provides a network device access method and apparatus. A terminal receives parameter configuration information, where the parameter configuration information is used to indicate a time-frequency resource required by the terminal to transmit data and a cell that can be used by the terminal to transmit the data; and further accesses a network device based on the parameter configuration information. To be specific, the terminal may obtain, based on one piece of parameter configuration information, the time-frequency resource required to transmit the data and the cell that can be used to transmit the data, and does not need to obtain, by configuring different pieces of configuration information for a plurality of times, the time-frequency resource required to transmit the data and the cell that can be used to transmit the data.

Abstract: An information transmission method and related device, the method including receiving, by a terminal device, a first synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block measurement timing configuration (SMTC) associated with configuring an occasion for the terminal device to measure a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB), obtaining an SSB measurement result by measuring the SSB in the occasion configured through the first SMTC, determining that the SSB measurement result is incorrect for an SSB corresponding to any physical cell identifier (PCI) in response to the terminal device failing to measure at least one of the SSB in increasing order, or measure the SSB at a preset location, and reporting. in response to the SSB measurement result being incorrect, a first SMTC report, where the first SMTC report indicates that the SSB measurement result is incorrect.

Abstract: The disclosure provides communication methods and apparatuses. One example method includes receiving, by a first network device, a first message from a second network device, where the first message includes network slice configuration information. The network slice configuration information is used to indicate a maximum data rate provided by each of n network slices for a terminal device, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In response to the received first message, the first network device sends a second message to the second network device.

Abstract: Example network management methods and network devices are described. One example method includes obtaining a configuration parameter by a first network device. The configuration parameter includes a network slice instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier, and/or a network slice subnet instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier. The first network device sends the configuration parameter to a second network device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a unique access and mobility management function corresponding to a network slice instance and/or a network slice subnet instance can be selected.

Abstract: A network slice instance processing method and apparatus, and a system, the method including receiving, by a first network device, a first message sent by a second network device, where the first message requests that the first network device modify a first network slice subnet instance (NSSI) managed by the first network device, and where the first NSSI is shared by a plurality of network slice instances (NSIs) managed by different network devices, determining, by the first network device, whether the first NSSI is allowed to be modified, and performing, by the first network device, subsequent processing according to a determination of whether the first NSSI is allowed to be modified.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, a communication apparatus, and a device. The method includes: A network device receives first information sent by a terminal device, where the first information is information about a two-step random access process of the terminal device; and the network device updates a random access configuration based on the first information.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, which may be used for random access optimization. In this method, a CU may send, to a DU, obtained PRACH configuration information of a plurality of cells. The DU receives the PRACH configuration information of the plurality of cells from the CU, and performs random access optimization based on the PRACH configuration information of the plurality of cells. In an existing technology, a base station may adjust RACH configuration information of the base station based on PRACH configuration information of a neighboring base station, to perform random access optimization.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to user equipment (UE) positioning methods. In one example method, a first base station receives first measurement information, where the first measurement information is obtained by a UE by measuring a signal sent by the first base station. The first base station determines first intermediate information based on the first measurement information and first assistance information that is of the first base station, where the first intermediate information is used to determine position information of the UE. The first base station sends the first intermediate information to a first network device.

Abstract: A new interact procedure among a user equipment, an infrastructure provider, a virtual network operator and a corresponding access node and a corresponding access point is provided. Thus, the vWLAN can be created and deleted dynamically for the virtual network operator, such that the vWLAN of the virtual network operator can be utilized efficiently. Thereby, the virtual network operator can deploy its vWLANs in the hotspots dynamically according to the requirement. The flexibility is enhanced, while the requirement for the virtual network operator and actual subscription is met.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to network management methods. One example method includes obtaining, by a network slice selection function (NSSF), a configuration parameter sent by a network slice management and orchestration module (NSMAO), where the configuration parameter includes a correspondence, the correspondence includes at least one of a correspondence between single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a network slice instance identifier (NSI ID) or a correspondence between the S-NSSAI and a network slice subnet instance identifier (NSSI ID), and the configuration parameter instructs the NSSF to select, based on the configuration parameter, at least one of a network slice instance (NSI) or a network slice subnet instance (NSSI) for S-NSSAI provided by user equipment.