Abstract: The instant invention relates to novel compositions comprising highly dispersed Group VIII noble metal phosphide crystallites supported on a high surface area solid support selected from the group consisting of carbon, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zeolite, kieselguhr, vermiculite, and the refractory oxides of Group IVb and Vb, transition metals, and mixtures thereof.The supported Group VIII metal phosphide compositions of the instant invention are known to be useful in the selective hydrogenation of liquid hydrocarbons such as diolefins, resins and asphalts. They may also be utilized as electrodes in electrochemical fuel cells.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reactivating an agglomerated iridium-containing catalyst and particularly platinum-iridium on alumina reforming catalysts. The process includes a reducing step involving contacting a decoked agglomerated catalyst with a reducing gas such as hydrogen to reduce agglomerated iridium oxides to the free metal, a hydrogen halide pretreatment step to provide a halide level to the catalyst of about 1.3 weight percent, and an elemental halogen redispersion step. The hydrogen halide pretreatment step is performed under elemental oxygen-free conditions prior to redispersion and allows high iridium redispersion values to be obtained. If no iridium oxides are initially present, the hydrogen step is optional.

Abstract: A process is described for reactivating agglomerated iridium-containing catalysts such as Pt-Ir on Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 reforming catalyst. The agglomerated catalyst is decoked to remove carbon deposits; treated with hydrogen to reduce metal oxides to the free metals; pretreated with hydrogen halide to provide at least about a 1.3 weight percent halide content; and treated with a low mass flow rate of chlorine of about one gram chlorine per 100 grams catalyst per hour. Use of a low mass halogen flow rate significantly retards ferrous metal corrosion and significantly reduces the quantity of chlorine normally used in achieving high redispersion values.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reactivating an agglomerated iridium-containing catalyst and particularly platinum-iridium on alumina reforming catalysts. The process includes contacting a substantially decoked agglomerated catalyst with a reducing gas such as hydrogen to reduce agglomerated iridium oxides present to the free metal, a hydrogen halide pretreatment step to increase the halogen level of the catalyst to about 1.3 weight percent and above, and a redispersion step involving hydrogen halide and elemental oxygen. Use of hydrogen halide and elemental oxygen in the redispersion treatment eliminates the need for use of elemental chlorine gas. If no iridium oxides are initially present, the hydrogen reduction step is optional.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reactivating an agglomerated iridium-containing catalyst and particularly a platinum-iridium on alumina reforming catalyst. The process includes contacting an agglomerated catalyst with a reducing gas such as hydrogen to reduce agglomerated iridium oxides to the free metal, a hydrogen chloride pretreatment step to increase the chloride level of the catalyst to about 1.6 weight percent and above, and a redispersion step involving contacting with elemental oxygen. The process eliminates the need for gaseous chlorine in the redispersion feedstream. If no iridium oxides are initially present, the hydrogen reduction step is optional.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalyst compositions comprising one or more Group VIII catalytic metals on a manganese-containing oxide support wherein the catalyst composition is contacted with a hydrogen-containing reducing atmosphere at elevated temperature to produce a catalyst composition which exhibits suppressed hydrogen chemisorption. The manganese-containing oxide may itself be supported on or mixed with inorganic refractory oxides prior to contacting the catalyst composition with the reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to novel compositions comprising highly dispersed Group VIII metal-phosphorus compounds or Group VIII metal-arsenic compounds supported on a high surface area solid support selected from the group consisting of carbon, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zeolite, kieselguhr, vermiculite, and the refractory oxides of Group IVb and Vb, transition metals, and mixtures thereof.The instant invention further relates to a method for the preparation of the above compositions. In the preparation of the supported Group VIII metal-phosphorus compounds, the support is impregnated with both a phosphorus source, e.g. elemental phosphorus or a water soluble phosphorus salt, and a Group VIII metal source. The Group VIII metal source is impregnated onto the support from a solution of a water soluble Group VIII metal salt. Reduction of the resultant impregnated composition at temperatures above about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for the selective synthesis of low molecular weight olefins, particularly C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 olefins inclusive, which method comprises the steps of passing a CO and H.sub.2 synthesis gas stream over a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and for a time sufficient to generate the desired olefinic products, wherein the improvement consists in using as a catalyst ruthenium on a support selected from the group consisting of a manganese oxide, other manganese-containing oxides or mixtures of various manganese oxides. The weight loading of the ruthenium may range from about 0.01 to about 15 wt. % based on the total catalyst weight. The operating conditions of the instant process are the standard Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction parameters, preferably an H.sub.2 /CO mole ratio of from about 10 to about 0.1, a space velocity of from about 100 hr.sup.-1 to about 50,000 hr.sup.-1, a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a class of heterogeneous catalysts. More particularly, it pertains to catalysts consisting of group VIII metals dispersed on oxide carriers selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Nb and Ta and mixtures thereof, and zirconium titanate and BaTiO.sub.3, it having been discovered that these oxide carriers are capable of exerting remarkable effects on the properties of the Group VIII metals so dispersed. Among the strong effects on the properties of supported Group VIII metals which these carriers have been observed to bring about are the suppression of the capacity of the Group VIII metals to chemisorb hydrogen at room temperature, the suppression of the capacity of the Group VIII metals to chemisorb carbon monoxide at room temperature and profound alterations in the activity and/or selectivity of various Group VIII metals in reactions such as the dehydrocyclization of n-heptane and the hydrogenolysis of ethane.These catalyst compositions which exhibit suppression of H.sub.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method of preparing highly dispersed supported Group VIII metal catalysts. The instant invention further relates to the redispersion of sintered or agglomerated supported Group VIII metal catalysts. The process comprises the formation of supported Group VIII metal-phosphorus intermediate compounds followed by the treatment of these supported Group VIII metal-phosphorus compounds in an inert atmosphere at a temperature in the range of about 400.degree. C. to about 750.degree. C., preferably, about 550.degree. C. to about 700.degree. C., most preferably from 630.degree.-700.degree. C. The composition resultant from the dispersion heating step will form the highly dispersed, supported Group VIII metal catalysts by decomposition when reacting with an oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. air, or reacting with water.

Abstract: Carbon compositions comprising carbon supported on oxide supports are provided by vapor deposition of the carbon. The carbon so deposited has the morphology of the underlying support. These carbon compositions are electrically conducting and are particularly useful as an electrode material.

Abstract: A novel electrolytic cell is described which contains an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, each being adapted for contact with an electrolyte. At least one of the electrodes includes platinum on a carbon support activated with a phosphorus-oxygen-containing compound. A preferred electrolytic cell of the present invention comprises a fuel cell having phosphoric acid as its electrolyte. Also disclosed is a method of directly producing electrical energy using the electrolytic cell described.