Abstract: A plastic gel grouting material, which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients, is statically pressure-injected into a soft, loose or weak ground to thereby form masses derived from the grouting material per se in the ground, and concurrently therewith, to compact the surrounding earth and sand, thereby increasing density of the ground. A plastic gel grouting material is provided which loses its flowability with time or by dewatering to form masses derived from the grouting material per se in a ground and which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients.

Abstract: A plastic gel grouting material, which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients, is statically pressure-injected into a soft, loose or weak ground to thereby form masses derived from the grouting material per se in the ground, and concurrently therewith, to compact the surrounding earth and sand, thereby increasing density of the ground. A plastic gel grouting material is provided which loses its flowability with time or by dewatering to form masses derived from the grouting material per se in a ground and which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients.

Abstract: A common feature of the method and apparatus for multipoint grouting resides in using a multiple injection apparatus having a plurality of unit pumps in one plant, driven independently of each other and controlled by a centralized control device. The plurality of the unit pumps are connected through ducts to a plurality of injection pipes each having an outlet, inserted in a plurality of injection points in ground. By operations of the plurality of the unit pumps, ground improving material is injected from the plurality of the outlets into the plurality of the injection points in the ground.

Abstract: A multipoint grouting method for effecting multipoint-injection of a ground improving material into ground to be improved such as weak ground, soft ground, flimsy ground, loose ground or the like, and an apparatus therefor are disclosed. In particular, the multipoint grouting method and the apparatus therefor are not only capable of, with respect to ground having soil layers different from each other in soil condition such as soil texture, concurrently or selectively applying optimum injection to each of the soil layers but also capable of one-, two- or three-dimensionally injecting a ground improving material into ground, and are further capable of flexibly controlling injection from a plurality of injection pipes and capable of carrying out injection concurrently or selectively from the plurality of the injection pipes to thereby increase reliability of permeation grouting into a very fine-grained soil layer and to thereby enable a shortened execution period to be realized by rapid execution.

Abstract: A revetment comprised of nesting, interlocking, building blocks and means to adjust each block between backfilling operations. Identical T-shaped building blocks nest vertically and horizontally, and locking pins which interlock the opposite sides of the T-caps of the blocks hold the blocks in place. Channel-shaped brackets are secured to the back faces of the blocks and adjustable anchor members are secured to the channel-shaped brackets. Adjusting the length of each anchor member alters inclination to the vertical of each block as required. After proper alignment of the blocks by anchor member adjustment, the anchor members are embedded and secured in place by backfill, which is then compacted, such as by rolling or by other state-of-the-art means.

Abstract: A revetment formed from orthogonally arrayed reinforcing rods secured together. A membrane is secured to the back side of the reinforcing rods to retain backfill compacted behind the revetment, or a vegetation ground cover may be planted on the exposed surface of the revetment to prevent erosion. Horizontal anchor rods secured to the revetment rods extend rearwardly therefrom and are embedded in the backfill to stabilize the revetment. Adjustable anchor rods allow tension to be selectively applied to the revetment for the purpose of alignment.

Abstract: A suspension-type grouting liquid for injection into a ground having excellent penetration properties, e.g. low viscosity and long gelation time, and having comparatively high strength after consolidation. The suspension-type grouting liquid for injection into a ground consists essentially of slag, or a combination of slag and cement, alkali metal aluminates, and water. The slag is a fine grain having specific surface area of 5000 cm.sup.2 /g or more, and the alkali metal aluminates have a mole ratio of ({Me.sub.2 O}/{Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 }) of 2.8 or more, in which Me means alkali metal, {Me.sub.2 } and {Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 } represent, respectively, molar concentration of Me.sub.2, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A ground impregnation process which is disclosed herein comprises injecting an alkaline ground impregnating material, with carbon dioxide gas passed through blowing nozzles joining said impregnating material, into a ground. In this process, the pressure of carbon dioxide and the opening size of the blowing nozzle are determined to provide a constant amount of carbon dioxide gas blown, irrespective of a variation in ground pressure. In this manner, the carbon dioxide gas joins the alkaline ground impregnating material at a given ratio.

Abstract: A system for preparing a ground impregnating material which comprises a line for feeding a base liquid component of the ground impregnating material, such as an aqueous sodium silicate solution, and a high pressure carbon dioxide gas bomb connected via a carbon dioxide gas delivery line to the base liquid component feed line. The carbon dioxide gas delivery line has a carbon dioxide blowing nozzle provided therein. The carbon dioxide gas blowing nozzle comprises a disk centrally perforated with a nozzle bore. A plurality of the carbon dioxide gas blowing nozzles having different opening diameters may be switchably provided in parallel in the carbon dioxide gas delivery line.