Abstract: A casing has an entrance, an exit, linearly disposed, substantially parallel portions and curved portions joining the linear portions to define a spiral configuration. Electron pulses entering the casing are accelerated in the linear portions of the casings by pulsed electric fields applied across accelerating gaps in such linear portions. The gaps are aligned in common planes transverse to the linear portions and electrical power is applied by the same connector to the gaps to the gaps within each common transverse plane. Magnetic fields, constant in time over successive accelerating cycles, are created throughout the casing to confine electrons interior to the casing and to guide the electrons around the bends. A magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of each bend is created in the curved portions of the casing to guide the electrons around the bend, and its strength is adjusted to be appropriate for the average electron energy from previous accelerations.

Abstract: A high energy discharge apparatus uses a generally electron transparent thin foil anode of various configuration which is arranged parallel to and spaced apart between a pair of cathodes, and energized to create a potential difference between the anodes and cathodes causing electrons to be reflected back and forth through the foil anode with the concurrent discharge of ions being accelerated to the cathode.