Abstract: Hoopball is an alternative game of live basketball that is derived from National Basketball Association (NBA) style basketball. Hoopball is a basketball game that features its own playing methods and has rules that are in most cases quite different from NBA rules. Hoopball is played on regulation NBA basketball courts with regular basketballs; it is designed for slower player action and less hard contact between opposing players; as a result the play action in hoopball produces fewer player injuries. In order to handle the ball with expertise and score baskets consistently each of the five players on a hoopball team must develop skills equivalent to the level of skills exhibited by NBA basketball players in ball handling and point scoring abilities. Hoopball players may not need to run as fast or be as tall as the star athletes on NBA teams to be star athletes on hoopball teams but their basketball skills can easily be equivalent to basketball skills of star athletes on NBA and the best college teams.

Abstract: A new football game to be called pass and kick football is disclosed. Derived from American football (e.g., National Football League or National Collegiate Athletic Association rules), the new game is devised to be gender neutral, to be played on regular indoor or outdoor football fields that are layed out with the same dimensions, horizontal and vertical chalk marked lines, goal post structures, and other features of regular football playing fields. Junior college, high school, and little league athletes with rules modified to take account of their level of play, age, and competence, may also play pass and kick football. Although some regular football rules are used most pass and kick football rules and playing methods diverge sharply from NFL and NCAA rules and playing methods. In the disclosed football game only passing and kicking plays are allowed, carrying the ball for yardage gains and point scoring involving tackling and blocking opposing players has been eliminated.

Abstract: Fungo baseball is a competitive sport derived from a modified form of regular American style baseball. In fungo baseball the position of a pitcher as a defensive player throwing baseballs to a catcher at home plate for opposition batters to try to hit has been eliminated. Instead, batters standing in regular baseball playing field batters' boxes, put baseballs in play by hitting fungoes, preferably using fungo style bats. Fungo hits are baseballs tossed a few feet in the air by batters and hit with their bats when the baseballs are on their way down.

Abstract: A leverage tool for opening lower halves of firmly sticking double-hung windows consisting of a vertical fulcrum and lever assembly small enough to be placed on inner window sills yet sturdy enough to overcome the resistive forces that cause windows to stick. Accessory focal or lifting points necessary to facilitate the leveraging action of the tool and to minimize the possiblity of damage to the frame or sill incidental to a leveraging operation are supplied. They are to be attached by the user to window frames lacking a suitable focal point, preferably close to the central portion of the bottom frame member. To leverage open a sticking window frame, bottom crossbars on the lever are placed under the focal point. Another set of crossbars an inch above the lower set are then positioned within one of the lower ratcheting indents on the fulcrum When the tool is positioned as described, the fulcrum will be resting on an inner window sill with the lever's handle portion facing away from the window frame.

Abstract: A rotatable, free standing copy holder with a relatively narrow base structure upon which is mounted a cylindrical drum to which sheets of standard office size paper containing written or printed information may be clamped at the top margin. The configuration of the base permits the lower portion of the sheet of copy to be tucked in a loose roll into the open space in the base under the drum. To scan the sheet of copy for further processing, the drum is manually rotated clockwise by means of thumb wheels attached to each end of the drum. When the drum is being rotated, the sheet of copy passes under a window that is cut into the base wall while it is progressively being rolled up on the drum. This allows the copy to be seen and processed a few lines at a time and blocks out the copy that has already passed across the window as well as the copy still to be rotated past it.