Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds where the said compounds have at least one bond with a bond order >1, wherein an oxidizing of these carbon-containing organic compounds to be oxidized is performed with electrochemically generated C—O—O oxidizing agents, in particular peroxodicarbonate. Also described is the use of C—O—O oxidizing agents generated electrochemically from carbonate, in particular peroxodicarbonate, as oxidizing agents for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds, in particular carbon-containing organic compounds where the said compounds have at least one bond with a bond order >1.

Abstract: A genuine-material test piece for the training of explosives sniffer dogs includes an explosive assimilated by a solid or liquid carrier material, a housing having an interior space, and a closure for a reversible gastight closure of the interior space or a space including the interior space. The carrier material with the explosive is contained in the interior space. A gas-permeable device prevents the carrier material from escaping from the interior space if the interior space or the space including the interior space is not gas-tightly closed by the closure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrode materials for electrical cells, containing, as component (A), at least one polymer including polymer chains formed from identical or different monomer units selected from substituted and unsubstituted vinyl units and substituted and unsubstituted C2-C10-alkylene glycol units and containing at least one monomer unit -M1- including at least one thiolate group —S? or at least one end of a disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in which m is an integer from 2 to 8, the thiolate group or the one end of the disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in each case being bonded directly to a carbon atom of the monomer unit -M1-, and, as component (B), carbon in a polymorph containing at least 60% sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to electrical cells containing the inventive electrode material, to specific polymers, to processes for preparation, and to uses of the inventive cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing vanillin from an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular from a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, comprising at least one treatment of an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular the treatment of a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, with a basic adsorbent, in particular an anion exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrode materials for electrical cells, containing, as component (A), at least one polymer including polymer chains formed from identical or different monomer units selected from substituted and unsubstituted vinyl units and substituted and unsubstituted C2-C10-alkylene glycol units and containing at least one monomer unit -M1- including at least one thiolate group —S? or at least one end of a disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in which m is an integer from 2 to 8, the thiolate group or the one end of the disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in each case being bonded directly to a carbon atom of the monomer unit -M1-, and, as component (B), carbon in a polymorph containing at least 60% sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to electrical cells containing the inventive electrode material, to specific polymers, to processes for preparation, and to uses of the inventive cells.

Abstract: A method of detecting a peroxidic explosive includes providing a sample which may comprise the peroxidic explosive. A mixture comprising at least one ionic liquid and at least one volatile organic solvent is provided. The sample is taken up in the mixture so as to provide a sample for detection. The sample for detection is analytically detected so as to determine whether it includes the peroxidic explosive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing vanillin from an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular from a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, comprising at least one treatment of an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular the treatment of a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, with a basic adsorbent, in particular an anion exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing vanillin, comprising an electrolysis of an aqueous, alkaline lignin-comprising suspension or solution, wherein, as anode material, a base alloy is used which is selected among Co-base alloys, Fe-base alloys, Cu-base alloys and Ni-base alloys.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of using a neutral ionic liquid to at least one of stabilize a peroxidic explosive and to produce a stable solution of the peroxidic explosive which includes providing the neutral ionic liquid and using the neutral ionic liquid to at least one of stabilize the peroxidic explosive and to produce the stable solution of the peroxidic explosive. The present invention further provides a stable composition which includes a solution of at least one neutral ionic liquid and a detectable amount of a peroxidic explosive, a method of production thereof, and a method of use thereof as an odor sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemical cells comprising (A) at least one cathode comprising at least one lithium ion-containing transition metal compound, (B) at least one anode, and (C) at least one layer comprising (a) at least one sulfur-containing polymer (a) comprising sulfur atoms bound in the form of monovalent thiol groups —SH or thiolate groups —S? or bound as divalent disulfide or polysulfide bridges —(S)m— in which m is an integer from 2 to 8, and (b) optionally at least one binder. The present invention further relates to the use of inventive electrochemical cells, and to lithium ion batteries comprising at least one inventive electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing biaryl alcohols, in which anodic dehydrodimerization of substituted phenols is carried out in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or periluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte at a graphite electrode.

Abstract: A method of detecting a peroxidic explosive includes providing a sample which may comprise the peroxidic explosive. A mixture comprising at least one ionic liquid and at least one volatile organic solvent is provided. The sample is taken up in the mixture so as to provide a sample for detection. The sample for detection is analytically detected so as to determine whether it includes the peroxidic explosive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of using a neutral ionic liquid to at least one of stabilize a peroxidic explosive and to produce a stable solution of the peroxidic explosive which includes providing the neutral ionic liquid and using the neutral ionic liquid to at least one of stabilize the peroxidic explosive and to produce the stable solution of the peroxidic explosive. The present invention further provides a stable composition which includes a solution of at least one neutral ionic liquid and a detectable amount of a peroxidic explosive, a method of production thereof, and a method of use thereof as an odor sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing biaryl alcohols, in which anodic dehydrodimerization of substituted phenols is carried out in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or periluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte at a graphite electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydroformylation of terminal and internal olefins in a two-phase system using novel metal catalysts. The two-phase system consists of an aqueous and an organic phase. The metals belong to group VIII of the Periodic Table, e.g., Rh, Ru, Ir, Co or Pd. The ligands for the metals are novel phosphane-modified .beta.-cyclodextrins which are water-soluble.