Abstract: The invention relates to a hot water heater that includes a tank, one or more heating elements, one or more thermostats and one or more heater exchanger tubes. The tank has a water outlet and one or more water inlets. The one or more heating elements extend within the tank. The one or more thermostats function to control the energy applied to the one or more heating elements. The one or more heater exchanger tubes are positioned within the tank. Each heater exchanger tube has a first end with a first opening and a second end with a second opening and defines a channel between the two openings. The second opening in the channel opens into the tank. Each heater exchanger tube surrounds at least a portion of one heating element. The water inlet includes an opening into the heater exchanger tube for water to enter the heater exchanger tube.

Abstract: The programmable device connects an initiating telecommunications device with a destination telecommunications device through one of a plurality of telecommunications carriers based upon information stored in a database in the programmable apparatus. The programmable apparatus includes input and output devices, a processor, a memory and various databases. The system accesses and obtains information from the database and establishes a telecommunications link between the initiating telecommunications device and the destination telecommunications devices via one of a preferred low cost call carrier or a least expensive low cost call carrier. The database includes access telephone numbers, clearance code data (i.e., PIN numbers), cost of call rate data for specific destinations, specific days of the week, date and time of day for a plurality of telecommunications carriers.