Abstract: An apparatus comprising translation circuitry to perform a translation operation to generate a translated second memory address within a second memory address space as a translation of a first memory address within a first memory address space, in which the translation circuitry is configured to generate the translated second memory address in dependence upon translation information stored at one or more translation information addresses; permission circuitry to perform an operation to detect permission information to indicate, for a given second memory address, whether memory access is permitted to the given second memory address; and access circuitry to allow access to data stored at the given second memory address when the permission information indicates that memory access is permitted to the given second memory address.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a quadrature hybrid circuit is provided comprising a first spiral inductor and a second spiral inductor separated by an insulating layer to provide all necessary capacitances intrinsically. Further, a vector modulator circuit is provided that incorporates a plurality of quadrature hybrid circuits on a MMIC contained within a chip scale package.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a quadrature hybrid circuit is provided comprising a first spiral inductor and a second spiral inductor separated by an insulating layer to provide all necessary capacitances intrinsically. Further, a vector modulator circuit is provided that incorporates a plurality of quadrature hybrid circuits on a MMIC contained within a chip scale package.

Abstract: An ink composition comprising an ultraviolet radiation curable carrier incorporating a coloured base pigment which emits visible radiation of a first wavelength, and a quantity of luminescent pigment which emits visible radiation by phosphorescent decay or under illumination by long-wave ultraviolet radiation at a second wavelength wherein the concentration of said luminescent pigment is higher than that required just to ensure the visible escape of luminescent radiation from said composition.