Abstract: Disclosed is a flexure pivot based system being one of: a force sensor, a force limiting device arranged to exert a predetermined threshold force, a torque limiting device arranged to exert a predetermined threshold torque, a programmable mechanical memory, or an accelerometer, the flexure pivot based system including a substantially rigid frame supporting a lever by a suspension mechanism including: a first flexure extending from the frame to a junction with the lever; a second flexure extending from the frame to the junction at a first non-zero angle to the first flexure in a neutral position of the suspension mechanism; and a third flexure extending from the junction to a preloading system at a second non-zero angle to the first flexure and/or the second flexure in the neutral position, the preloading system applying a force in a direction substantially coaxial with the third flexure.

Abstract: Device and method for measuring contact force exerted by an object on a probe comprising a lever and said probe for contacting the object is provided. The lever is pivotably coupled to a body by a coupling module. The device comprising a fixed frame coupled to the body. The body is designed to be moved with respect to the object to put the probe in contact with the object to create force pivoting said lever with respect to the body around a pivot axis. The device comprising a sensor for measuring displacement of the lever with respect to the body upon pivoting. The coupling module comprises control stiffness module, so that when the probe contacts the object, the displacement of the lever is proportional to the force exerted by the probe on the object. Such control stiffness module is tunable so that accuracy and sensitivity of measured force is controlled.

Abstract: Sensor system comprising a frame supporting a force-sensing tip arranged to generate a signal based upon a force applied by said force-sensing tip to a material to be tested, the system further comprising: an input drum mounted in said frame such that it can rotate about an input axis of rotation; an output lever supported by said frame by means of an output revolute joint defining an output axis of rotation; wherein said force-sensing tip is mounted on said output lever such that said force-sensing tip is arranged to be brought into contact with a material to be tested; and wherein said sensor system comprises a mechanical transmission arranged to kinematically link said input drum to said output lever such that a rotation of said input drum about said input axis of rotation causes said output lever to pivot in an oscillatory manner about said output axis of rotation.

Abstract: A horological detent escapement for a horological movement arranged to transmit a torque from said horological movement to an oscillating regulating organ of said horological movement, the regulating organ comprising a first mobile body and the escapement comprising a second mobile body and an escapement wheel. Said escapement wheel being arranged so as to transmit, during a half-phase of each oscillation of the regulating organ, a torque to said regulating organ via a direct impulse. The second mobile body comprises an indirect impulse means arranged so as to be in contact with the escapement wheel during normal operation and be out of contact during the other half-phase of each oscillation of the regulating organ when the escapement wheel does not transmit torque to the regulating organ, so as to transmit torque to said regulating organ via an indirect impulse, following an inadvertent movement or inadvertent stoppage of the horological movement.

Abstract: Device and method for measuring contact force exerted by an object on a probe comprising a lever and said probe for contacting the object is provided. The lever is pivotably coupled to a body by a coupling module. The device comprising a fixed frame coupled to the body. The body is designed to be moved with respect to the object to put the probe in contact with the object to create force pivoting said lever with respect to the body around a pivot axis. The device comprising a sensor for measuring displacement of the lever with respect to the body upon pivoting. The coupling module comprises control stiffness module, so that when the probe contacts the object, the displacement of the lever is proportional to the force exerted by the probe on the object. Such control stiffness module is tunable so that accuracy and sensitivity of measured force is controlled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a A device for puncturing an object, in particular a bodily vein, comprising: a body defining an inner cavity with at least one opening and a perforating needle extending in the cavity and being movable in the cavity between a resting position and an active position where the needle extends at least partially through the opening outside the cavity, and actuating means arranged to move the needle between the resting and active positions. The actuating means comprises a tuneable multistable driving mechanism comprising at least a multistable element having a determined switching load, the multistable element being fixedly arranged between the needle and an inner wall of the cavity, and an actuator for transmitting energy to move the needle between the resting and active positions when the energy reaches the switching load.

Abstract: Sensor system comprising a frame supporting a force-sensing tip arranged to generate a signal based upon a force applied by said force-sensing tip to a material to be tested, the system further comprising: an input drum mounted in said frame such that it can rotate about an input axis of rotation; an output lever supported by said frame by means of an output revolute joint defining an output axis of rotation; wherein said force-sensing tip is mounted on said output lever such that said force-sensing tip is arranged to be brought into contact with a material to be tested; and wherein said sensor system comprises a mechanical transmission arranged to kinematically link said input drum to said output lever such that a rotation of said input drum about said input axis of rotation causes said output lever to pivot in an oscillatory manner about said output axis of rotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a A device for puncturing an object, in particular a bodily vein, comprising: a body defining an inner cavity with at least one opening and a perforating needle extending in the cavity and being movable in the cavity between a resting position and an active position where the needle extends at least partially through the opening outside the cavity, and actuating means arranged to move the needle between the resting and active positions. The actuating means comprises a tuneable multistable driving mechanism comprising at least a multistable element having a determined switching load, the multistable element being fixedly arranged between the needle and an inner wall of the cavity, and an actuator for transmitting energy to move the needle between the resting and active positions when the energy reaches the switching load.

Abstract: A mechanical isotropic harmonic oscillator including a two rotational degrees of freedom linkage supporting an orbiting mass with respect to a fixed base with at least one spring element having isotropic and linear restoring force properties, such that a high degree of spring stiffness and reduced mass isotropy provides for reduced sensitivity to linear and angular accelerations.

Abstract: A horological detent escapement for a horological movement arranged to transmit a torque from said horological movement to an oscillating regulating organ of said horological movement, the regulating organ comprising a first mobile body and the escapement comprising a second mobile body and an escapement wheel. Said escapement wheel being arranged so as to transmit, during a half-phase of each oscillation of the regulating organ, a torque to said regulating organ via a direct impulse. The second mobile body comprises an indirect impulse means arranged so as to be in contact with the escapement wheel during normal operation and be out of contact during the other half-phase of each oscillation of the regulating organ when the escapement wheel does not transmit torque to the regulating organ, so as to transmit torque to said regulating organ via an indirect impulse, following an inadvertent movement or inadvertent stoppage of the horological movement.

Abstract: Mechanical oscillator comprising: an inertial body having a primary moment of inertia I about a first (y) and second (z) orthogonal axes, and a secondary moment of inertia J about a third axis (x, P) orthogonal to each of said first (y) and second (z) axes; and an elastic system arranged to apply a restoring torque ? to said inertial body, said restoring torque ? acting to urge said inertial body towards a resting position, said elastic system being arranged such that said inertial body has substantially two degrees of freedom in rotation, one of said degrees of freedom being around said first axis (y) and another of said degrees of freedom being around said second axis (z), and substantially zero degrees of freedom in translation According to the invention, the ratio of secondary moment of inertia J to primary moment of inertia/substantially obeys the equation: J I = 2 ? k 3 k 1 + 4 / 3 and said restoring torque r substantially obeys the equation: ?(?)=k1?+k3?3+k5?5+ . . .

Abstract: A mechanical isotropic harmonic oscillator including a two translational degrees of freedom linkage supporting an orbiting mass with respect to a fixed base with springs having isotropic and linear restoring force properties.

Abstract: A mechanical isotropic harmonic oscillator including a frame, a mass configured to oscillate, and three flexure rods, each flexure rod connecting the mass to the frame.

Abstract: A needle for invasive medical use includes a long extended cylindrical needle shaft having an axis and an outer surface area, with a short shaft end at a first end of the shaft with a beveled tip with a pointed end, and a needle hub attached to a second end of the shaft including a device to indicate the location of the shaft end during use inside a body. The needle has a flexible joint with a notch within the shaft at the beginning of the shaft end. The device is a displacement sensor for detecting a displacement of the shaft end relative to the rest of the shaft resulted from a force applied to the shaft end when the needle hub is moved and a signal conductor to transmit the detected signals. The invention further describes a needle assembly comprising such a needle and a syringe attached to said needle hub, whereas an evaluation unit is connected to the signal conductor.

Abstract: Mechanical oscillator including an inertial body joined to a support by an elastic system, the elastic system being arranged to confer the inertial body substantially two degrees of freedom in rotation about a point having a substantially fixed relationship with respect to the support, and substantially no degrees of freedom in translation. The elastic system includes at least two rods and an L-shaped beam the rods and the L-shaped beam being situated in a single plane when the inertial body is in a neutral position.

Abstract: An optical force sensing element for microsurgical instruments and methods measures force F in three orthogonal directions and includes a monolithic cylinder structure, a cylindrical surface and a top surface that absorbs and transmits the force F. Three punch-like notches, all being parallel to the y-direction, are spaced apart along the z-axis and form two blades between the first and second notch and between the second and the third notch. Three channels parallel to the z-axis extend from the bottom surface to the top surface and cross the first notch while bypassing the other two notches. Three optical fibers, each fixed in one of the three channels, all entering the structure from the bottom surface, cross the first notch and end at or near the top surface while being interrupted in the first notch and forming two surfaces of each fiber that define a Fabry-Perot interferometric cavity.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a micromechanical part from a substrate in which the part is fabricated by providing a plurality of fasteners between the part and the substrate, the fasteners being sacrificial, characterized in that the fasteners include at least one hinge at the end of each fastener located beside the part, and in that the method includes a step of breaking the sacrificial fasteners. The micromechanical parts employing this type of sacrificial fastener are also described.

Abstract: The mechanical isotropic harmonic oscillator comprises at least a two degree of freedom linkage supporting an orbiting mass with respect to a fixed base with springs having isotropic and linear restoring force properties. The oscillator may be used in a timekeeper, such as a watch.

Abstract: The mechanical isotropic harmonic oscillator comprises at least a two degrees of freedom linkage supporting an orbiting mass with respect to a fixed base with springs having isotropic and linear restoring force properties wherein the mass has a tilting motion. The oscillator may be used in a timekeeper, such as a watch.

Abstract: A needle for invasive medical use includes a long extended cylindrical needle shaft having an axis and an outer surface area, with a short shaft end at a first end of the shaft with a beveled tip with a pointed end, and a needle hub attached to a second end of the shaft including a device to indicate the location of the shaft end during use inside a body. The needle has a flexible joint with a notch within the shaft at the beginning of the shaft end. The device is a displacement sensor for detecting a displacement of the shaft end relative to the rest of the shaft resulted from a force applied to the shaft end when the needle hub is moved and a signal conductor to transmit the detected signals. The invention further describes a needle assembly comprising such a needle and a syringe attached to said needle hub, whereas an evaluation unit is connected to the signal conductor.