Abstract: A waveguide switch for switching between an ON-state and an OFF-state for a waveguide channel, including: a moveable waveguide switch body including: an input opening for receiving an electromagnetic wave, an output opening for releasing an electromagnetic wave, wherein the waveguide switch body further includes a blocking element arranged such that in the ON state, an electromagnetic wave may pass from the input opening to the output opening, and in the OFF state the blocking element substantially impedes an electromagnetic wave traveling from the input opening to the output opening, whereby the switch from the ON state to the OFF state is a rotational or translation movement of the waveguide switch body. Also, a waveguide system employing such a switch and a method of manufacturing such a switch. Contactless switching is provided in a high-frequency system.

Abstract: A waveguide switch for switching between an ON-state and an OFF-state for a waveguide channel, including: a moveable waveguide switch body including: an input opening for receiving an electromagnetic wave, an output opening for releasing an electromagnetic wave, wherein the waveguide switch body further includes a blocking element arranged such that in the ON state, an electromagnetic wave may pass from the input opening to the output opening, and in the OFF state the blocking element substantially impedes an electromagnetic wave traveling from the input opening to the output opening, whereby the switch from the ON state to the OFF state is a rotational or translation movement of the waveguide switch body. Also, a waveguide system employing such a switch and a method of manufacturing such a switch. Contactless switching is provided in a high-frequency system.

Abstract: A microwave/millimeter device having a narrow gap between two parallel surfaces of conducting material by using a texture or multilayer structure on one of the surfaces is disclosed. The fields are mainly present inside the gap, and not in the texture or layer structure itself, so the losses are small. The microwave/millimeter wave device further includes one or more conducting elements, such as a metallized ridge or a groove in one of the two surfaces, or a metal strip located in a multilayer structure between the two surfaces. The waves propagate along the conducting elements. At least one of the surfaces is provided with means to prohibit the waves from propagating in other directions between them than along the ridge, groove or strip. At very high frequency, the gap waveguides and gap lines may be realized inside an IC package or inside the chip itself.

Abstract: A microwave/millimeter device having a narrow gap between two parallel surfaces of conducting material by using a texture or multilayer structure on one of the surfaces is disclosed. The fields are mainly present inside the gap, and not in the texture or layer structure itself, so the losses are small. The microwave/millimeter wave device further includes one or more conducting elements, such as a metallized ridge or a groove in one of the two surfaces, or a metal strip located in a multilayer structure between the two surfaces. The waves propagate along the conducting elements. At least one of the surfaces is provided with means to prohibit the waves from propagating in other directions between them than along the ridge, groove or strip. At very high frequency, the gap waveguides and gap lines may be realized inside an IC package or inside the chip itself.

Abstract: A modulator is provided in operative engagement with a sensor element having a plurality of electrodes. The modulator has a single-bit quantizer electrically connected to a digital accumulator. The accumulator accumulates output information received from the single-bit quantizer. The accumulator converts the accumulated output information received from the single-bit quantizer to a multi-bit feedback signal and sends the multi-bit feedback signal in a primary feedback loop back to the sensor element. The quantizer sends a single-bit feedback signal in a secondary feedback loop back to a point before the quantizer.

Abstract: A modulator is provided in operative engagement with a sensor element having a plurality of electrodes. The modulator has a single-bit quantizer electrically connected to a digital accumulator. The accumulator accumulates output information received from the single-bit quantizer. The accumulator converts the accumulated output information received from the single-bit quantizer to a multi-bit feedback signal and sends the multi-bit feedback signal in a primary feedback loop back to the sensor element. The quantizer sends a single-bit feedback signal in a secondary feedback loop back to a point before the quantizer.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte electrochemical device includes an anode current collector (1), a membrane electrode assembly (2) with anode and cathode gas backings (3, 4), and a cathode current collector (5), wherein the membrane electrode assembly is sealed and attached at least to the anode current collector by adhesive elements, thereby creating an anode gas chamber, and optionally attached to the cathode current collector by adhesive elements, the adhesive elements being electrically conducting or electrically non-conducting. The invention also relates to polymer electrolyte electrochemical device components adapted for use in a single cell electrochemical device and a series arrangement electrochemical device.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte electrochemical device includes an anode current collector (1), a membrane electrode assembly (2) with anode and cathode gas backings (3, 4), and a cathode current collector (5), wherein the membrane electrode assembly is sealed and attached at least to the anode current collector by adhesive elements, thereby creating an anode gas chamber, and optionally attached to the cathode current collector by adhesive elements, the adhesive elements being electrically conducting or electrically non-conducting. The invention also relates to polymer electrolyte electrochemical device components adapted for use in a single cell electrochemical device and a series arrangement electrochemical device.