Abstract: Provided herein is a battery cell and electrode. The battery cell can include a component. The battery cell can include MxFy disposed in the component, where M is a metal element different from Mn, and 1?x?3 and 1?y?3. The electrode can include an anode active material. The electrode can include a solid electrolyte interphase on the anode active material. The solid electrolyte interphase can include MxMn(O1-yFy)z, where M is a metal element different from Mn, and x?1, 0?y?1, and z?3.

Abstract: An apparatus can include a layered electrode. The layered electrode can include a current collector material including a first side. The layered electrode can include a first electrode layer applied to the first side of the current collector material, the first electrode layer including a first applied viscosity of a first slurry. The layered electrode can include a second electrode layer applied to the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer including a second applied viscosity of a second slurry. The first applied viscosity of the first slurry can be greater than the second applied viscosity of the second slurry.

Abstract: Provided herein is an electrode. The electrode can include a current collector. The electrode can include a first layer on a first surface of the current collector. The first layer can include a first electrode active material and an electrically conductive material. The electrode can include a second layer on the first layer. The second layer can include a second electrode active material. An amount of the second electrode active material in the second layer can be greater than an amount of the first electrode active material in the first layer.

Abstract: Provided herein is a battery cell. The battery cell can include a cathode. The cathode can include a cathode active material. The battery cell can include an anode. The anode can include an anode active material. The battery cell can include an electrolyte. The electrolyte can include a ring-opening compound. The ring-opening compound can include a fluorocarbonate. The electrolyte can include a heterocyclic compound. The electrolyte can include dimethyl carbonate. The ring-opening compound can increase decomposition of the heterocyclic compound in the electrolyte compared to the same electrolyte without the ring-opening compound.

Abstract: Provided are electrodes for lithium-ion batteries comprising: a first lithium metal phosphate material comprising a first plurality of active material particles; and a second lithium metal phosphate material comprising a second plurality of active material particles, wherein both the first lithium metal phosphate material and the second lithium metal phosphate material are LiMPO4, wherein M is one or more of iron (Fe) or manganese (Mn), and wherein the first lithium metal phosphate material is blended with the second lithium metal phosphate material at a weight ratio of greater than 1:1.

Abstract: Provided are electrodes for a lithium-ion batteries comprising a lithium metal phosphate material, an over-lithiated-oxide material, and a high nickel manganese cobalt oxide material. In some embodiments, an electrode includes a blend of the lithium metal phosphate, the over-lithiated-oxide, and the high nickel manganese cobalt oxide materials. Also provided are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and electric vehicle systems with an electrode comprising a lithium metal phosphate material, an over-lithiated-oxide material, and a high nickel manganese cobalt oxide material.

Abstract: An electrode active material includes a dopant (M2) and a lithium iron phosphate host material, where the electrode active material is represented as LiM2xFe1?xPO4; M2 is a transition metal or main group metal; x is 0.01 to 0.15; the electrode active material exhibits an increased ionic conductivity compared to a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) without the dopant; and the electrode active material has a particle size distribution characterized by a D50 greater than or equal to 1 ?m.

Abstract: A coated separator for a rechargeable battery includes a porous polymer sheet comprising a surface; and a coating disposed on the surface, the coating comprising a metal oxyhydroxide; wherein: the coating includes a greater HF score when normalized to that of AlO(OH) at 100%; a greater PF5? score when normalized to that of AlO(OH) at 100%; or a greater LiOH score when normalized to that of AlO(OH) at 100%; or a combination of any two or more thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, a pharmaceutical combined formulation, and a combined formulation kit, each comprising, as active ingredients, an oral antiviral agent and a therapeutic vaccine including a lipopeptide and a poly(I:C) adjuvant. When the pharmaceutical composition, the pharmaceutical combined agent, and the combined formulation kit are administered/used in hepatitis B patients, a remarkable synergy occurs in terms of therapeutic index for chronic hepatitis B, compared to patients who have undergone standard therapy including the administration of conventional antiviral agents, exhibiting the possibility of completely curing the disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine composition comprising a lipopeptide and a poly(I:C) adjuvant. The vaccine composition for preventing or treating COVID-19, provided in one aspect of the present invention, can greatly induce both a humoral immune response and a cellular immune response to a recombinant COVID-19 antigen, and thus can be developed as a COVID-19 vaccine so as to be commercially and effectively usable.

Abstract: This disclosure is generally directed to coating materials for cathode active materials useful in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The coatings include a metal fluoride (MFx), a lithium metal fluoride (Li-M-F), or both, which are stable with cathode materials such as LiFePO4, and helpful in protecting against battery degradation materials (i.e., HF, LiF, PF5?, and LiOH).

Abstract: An electrode active material includes a dopant (M2) and a lithium manganese iron phosphate host material represented as LiM2xMnyFe1-x-yPO4, wherein the dopant is a transition metal or main group metal, and the electrode active material exhibits an increased ionic conductivity compared to a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnyFe1-yPO4) without the dopant, wherein x is 0.01 to 0.15, and y is 0.30 to 0.85.

Abstract: A cathode active material includes a lithium manganese (Mn) iron (Fe) phosphate, wherein a mol ratio of Mn:Fe is from about 3:7 to about 9:1, the lithium manganese iron phosphate is an olivine structure, and the Mn and Fe in the olivine are present in an partially ordered or partially disordered sublattice.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant herpes zoster vaccine comprising liposome and lipopeptide and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, a vaccine composition according to the present invention, prepared using Lipo-Pam, which is a composite adjuvant comprising a liposome and various kinds of lipopeptides, and a varicella-zoster virus gE antigen, a Japanese encephalitis virus gE antigen, or a seasonal inactivated influenza virus antigen, highly induces a cell-mediated immune response as well as a humoral immune response so that the composition of the present invention can be commercially useful.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a cathode material for lithium ion batteries. In one example, the cathode material may include a lithium mixed metal oxide core and a surface coating surrounding the core. Optionally, a passivating layer may continuously surround the surface coating. In some examples, the surface coating or surface layer may include a sacrificial lithium source, a lithium-based active cathode catalyst, or a combination thereof. In other examples, methods are provided for manufacturing the cathode material for use in a lithium ion battery.