Abstract: A method for forming a composite material including reinforcing fibers includes connecting end portions of the reinforcing fibers with equipotential materials to form an electroconductive loop including the reinforcing fibers in the composite material before reaction; and applying a magnetic field in a direction intersecting a plane formed by the electroconductive loop.

Abstract: A transient voltage protection device includes an element body formed with a cavity inside, a pair of external electrodes on the element body, and a pair of internal electrodes in the element body. The pair of internal electrodes oppose each other. Each internal electrode is connected to a corresponding external electrode of the pair of external electrodes. The element body includes a first inner surface and a second inner surface. The first and second inner surfaces define the cavity and oppose each other. The pair of internal electrodes are exposed to the cavity and disposed on the first inner surface. In a cross section along a direction in which the first inner surface and the second inner surface oppose each other, the first inner surface includes a contour different from a contour included in the second inner surface.

Abstract: A transient voltage protection device includes an element body formed with a cavity inside, a pair of internal electrodes, and a discharge assistance portion. The pair of internal electrodes are disposed in the element body and include edges. The edges include parts opposing each other in a first direction in the cavity. The discharge assistance portion is in contact with the parts of the edges. Each of the edges includes a first end exposed on an outer surface of the element body and a second end located opposite the first end and including a corner. The discharge assistance portion includes a pair of edges opposing each other in a second direction intersecting with the first direction and exposed to the cavity. The part included in each of the edges does not include the corner.

Abstract: A network management apparatus generates a usage status table (139). The usage status table is a table including cells arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array having rows and columns of link identifiers and slot identifiers, wherein a status whether or not a frequency slot corresponding to each cell is in use in a link corresponding to the cell is indicated by a display mode of the cell. The network management apparatus causes a display device to display an assignment screen (130) including the usage status table. The network management apparatus determines an assignment range that is a range of one or more frequency slots to be assigned to each transmission path. The network management apparatus sets the display mode of one or more of the cells included in the usage status table and corresponding to the assignment range to a display mode that indicates the assignment range.

Abstract: An optical network system that performs transmission of N:1 protection includes a node that includes transmission-side operating muxponders that multiplex client signals for every M-channel signal bundle and convert multiplexed signals into optical signals having different wavelengths, transmission-side optical couplers that branch the client signals into two channels of operating and redundant, transmission-side optical switches each selecting one channel from redundant signals as a redundant client signal, and a transmission-side redundant muxponder that performs a predetermined transmission-side process according to an accommodation mode set on the redundant client signal and then multiplexes the redundant client signals, converts the multiplexed signal into an optical signal having a wavelength different from that of the operating signal, thereby making the accommodation mode settable for each channel in an independent manner.

Abstract: An optical network system that performs transmission of N:1 protection includes a node that includes transmission-side operating muxponders that multiplex client signals for every M-channel signal bundle and convert multiplexed signals into optical signals having different wavelengths, transmission-side optical couplers that branch the client signals into two channels of operating and redundant, transmission-side optical switches each selecting one channel from redundant signals as a redundant client signal, and a transmission-side redundant muxponder that performs a predetermined transmission-side process according to an accommodation mode set on the redundant client signal and then multiplexes the redundant client signals, converts the multiplexed signal into an optical signal having a wavelength different from that of the operating signal, thereby making the accommodation mode settable for each channel in an independent manner.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus that protects different types of signals with a common backup transponder. The optical transmission apparatus includes working transponder units that relay respective optical signals on corresponding working transmission lines to or from external client devices, a backup transponder unit that can relay optical signals of different interface types, a 3:1 optical switch unit and a 1:3 optical switch unit that connect the external client devices and the working transponder units, and can connect the external client device and the backup transponder unit, and a monitor control unit that monitors occurrence of a failure in the working transponder units and the backup transponder unit, and controls switching of the transmission lines upon detection of a failure.