Abstract: The invention provides for canine genes indicative of toxicological responses to agents such as drugs, pharmaceutical compounds, or chemicals. Methods of identifying and isolating toxicologically relevant canine gene are disclosed. In addition, an array comprising toxicologically relevant canine genes, methods of making a canine gene array, and methods of using a canine gene array in which toxicological responses can analyzed in a rapid and efficient manner are also provided. The methods disclosed herein are also useful for discovering and obtaining novel canine genes. Primers and sequences of novel canine genes are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing toxic compounds. These methods and diagnostic kits measure transcription or translation levels from genes linked to native eukaryotic stress promoters, especially those of mammals. The kits and methods of this invention utilize at least one stress promoter from each of the following groups: redox stress, DNA stress, protein stress and energy/ionic stress. The invention also provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing compounds that are toxic to specific organs, such as skin and the eye, as well as for each of the individual stresses indicated above. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention yield information concerning the action of a compound on a subcellular level. This information may be utilized to design antitoxins to compounds found to be toxic and in active drug design.

Abstract: The invention provides for canine genes indicative of toxicological responses to agents such as drugs, pharmaceutical compounds, or chemicals. Methods of identifying and isolating toxicologically relevant canine gene are disclosed. In addition, an array comprising toxicologically relevant canine genes, methods of making a canine gene array, and methods of using a canine gene array in which toxicological responses can analyzed in a rapid and efficient manner are also provided. The methods disclosed herein are also useful for discovering and obtaining novel canine genes. Primers and sequences of novel canine genes are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing toxic compounds. These methods and diagnostic kits measure transcription or translation levels fr4om genes linked to native eukaryotic stress promoters, especially those of mammals. The kits and methods of this invention utilize at least one stress promoter from each of the following groups: redox stress; DNA stress; protein stress and energy/ionic stress. The invention also provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing compounds that are toxic to specific organs, such as skin and the eye, as well as for each of the individual stresses indicated above. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention yield information concerning the action of a compound on a subcellular level. This information may be utilized to design antitoxins to compounds found to be toxic and in active drug design.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing toxic compounds. These methods and diagnostic kits measure transcription or translation levels from genes linked to native eukaryotic stress promoters, especially those of mammals. The kits and methods of this invention utilize at least one stress promoter from each of the following groups: redox stress, DNA stress, protein stress and energy/ionic stress. The invention also provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing compounds that are toxic to specific organs, such as skin and the eye, as well as for each of the individual stresses indicated above. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention yield information concerning the action of a compound on a subcellular level. This information may be utilized to design antitoxins to compounds found to be toxic and in active drug design.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and diagnostic kits for determining the toxicity of a compound. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention employ a plurality of bacterial hosts, each of which harbors a DNA sequence encoding a different stress promoter fused to a gene which encodes an assayable product. Each of these stress promoters is induced by exposure to a different type of cellular stress. The stress promoters utilized in this invention, in toto, comprise those promoters which respond to redox stress, DNA stress, protein stress, energy stress and pH stress. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention may be employed to characterize and quantify the toxicity of a compound, as well as to identify the cellular mechanism of its toxic action. Moreover, the methods of this invention yield information concerning the action of a compound on a subcellular level. This information may be utilized to design antitoxins to compounds found to be toxic and in active drug design.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and diagnostic kits for determining the toxicity of a compound. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention employ a plurality of E. coli hosts, each of which have been transformed with a DNA sequence encoding a unique stress promoter fused to a gene which encodes an assayable product. Each of these stress promoters is induced by exposure to a different type of cellular stress. The stress promoters utilized in this invention, in toto, comprises those which respond to redoxo stress, DNA stress, protein stress, energy stress and pH stress. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention may be employed to characterize and quantify the toxicity of a compound, as well as to identify the cellular mechanism of its toxic action. The methods disclosed herein represent a more humane and economical alternative to the live animal testing currently employed to test the toxicity of new chemicals.