Abstract: An efficient and cost-effective process of carbon dioxide recycling in enhanced oil recovery wells or in fracturing wells is provided. The process comprises recovering a hydrocarbon enriched stream of condensed carbon dioxide from and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) well or a fracturing well; adding to said stream one or more thickeners; and directing the thickened stream to the EOR well or fracturing well for recycled usage in EOR.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an exhaust treatment system includes a catalyst that is in direct contact with an exhaust stream, at least one sensor that senses a system parameter and produces one or more signals corresponding to the system parameter, and a controller that is configured to receive the one or more signals and control catalyst performance based on the one or more signals by regenerating the catalyst. Regenerating the catalyst includes increasing a temperature of the exhaust stream flowing to the catalyst and directing a reductant injector to adjust a flow rate of reductant being injected into the exhaust stream flowing to the catalyst.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an exhaust treatment system includes a catalyst that is in direct contact with an exhaust stream, at least one sensor that senses a system parameter and produces one or more signals corresponding to the system parameter, and a controller that is configured to receive the one or more signals and control catalyst performance based on the one or more signals by regenerating the catalyst. Regenerating the catalyst includes increasing a temperature of the exhaust stream flowing to the catalyst and directing a reductant injector to adjust a flow rate of reductant being injected into the exhaust stream flowing to the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for efficient and cost effective carbon dioxide recycling in enhanced oil recovery wells or in fracturing wells. Also provided are functionalized polymers which can be used as thickeners in the methods for efficient and cost effective carbon dioxide recycling in enhanced oil recovery wells or in fracturing wells.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment method is provided. Method of increasing activation of NOx reduction catalyst using two or more reductant is discussed. The NOx catalyst is disposed to receive both the exhaust stream and reductant stream. The sensor is disposed to sense a system parameter related to carbon loading of the catalyst and produce a signal corresponding to the system parameter. The controller is disposed to receive the signal and to control dosing of the reductant stream based at least in part on the signal. The method includes sensing a system parameter related to carbon loading of a catalyst, producing a signal corresponding to the system parameter and sending the signal to a controller; and controlling a dosing of a reductant stream based at least in part on the signal.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment method is provided. Method of increasing activation of NOx reduction catalyst using two or more reductant is discussed. The NOx catalyst is disposed to receive both the exhaust stream and reductant stream. The sensor is disposed to sense a system parameter related to carbon loading of the catalyst and produce a signal corresponding to the system parameter. The controller is disposed to receive the signal and to control dosing of the reductant stream based at least in part on the signal. The method includes sensing a system parameter related to carbon loading of a catalyst, producing a signal corresponding to the system parameter and sending the signal to a controller; and controlling a dosing of a reductant stream based at least in part on the signal.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system is provided. Method of increasing activation of NOx reduction catalyst using two or more reductant is discussed. The exhaust treatment system includes an exhaust source, a reductant source, a nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst, a sensor, and a controller. The reductant source includes a first reductant and second reductant, and is disposed to inject a reductant stream into an exhaust stream from the exhaust source. The NOx catalyst is disposed to receive both the exhaust stream and reductant stream. The sensor is disposed to sense a system parameter related to carbon loading of the catalyst and produce a signal corresponding to the system parameter. The controller is disposed to receive the signal and to control dosing of the reductant stream based at least in part on the signal.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system is provided. Method of increasing activation of NOx reduction catalyst using two or more reductant is discussed. The exhaust treatment system includes an exhaust source, a reductant source, a nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst, a sensor, and a controller. The reductant source includes a first reductant and second reductant, and is disposed to inject a reductant stream into an exhaust stream from the exhaust source. The NOx catalyst is disposed to receive both the exhaust stream and reductant stream. The sensor is disposed to sense a system parameter related to carbon loading of the catalyst and produce a signal corresponding to the system parameter. The controller is disposed to receive the signal and to control dosing of the reductant stream based at least in part on the signal.

Abstract: A catalyst system for the reduction of NOx comprises a catalyst comprising a metal oxide catalyst support, a catalytic metal oxide comprising at least one of gallium oxide or silver oxide, and at least one promoting metal selected from the group consisting of silver, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, indium, bismuth and mixtures thereof. The catalyst system further comprises a gas stream comprising an organic reductant, and a compound comprising sulfur. A method for reducing NOx utilizing the said catalyst system is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst system for the reduction of NOx. is provided. The system comprises a catalyst in a first zone comprising a catalyst support, a catalytic metal comprising gallium, and at least one promoting metal selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, vanadium, zinc, tin, bismuth, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, indium and mixtures thereof; a catalyst in the second zone comprising a second catalyst support, a second catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of indium, copper, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, iron, cerium and mixtures thereof The catalyst system further comprises a gas stream comprising an organic reductant. The catalyst system may further comprise a catalyst in a third zone; the catalyst comprising a third catalyst support and a third catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, and mixtures thereof. A method for reducing NOx utilizing the catalyst system is also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing the formation of leachable mercury in mercury arc vapor discharge lamps is provided which comprises providing in the lamp structure an effective amount of a silver compound, gold compound, or combination thereof.

Abstract: The formation of leachable mercury upon disposal of a mercury vapor arc discharge lamp is suppressed by fabricating the end caps of the lamp of iron, preferably steel, coated with a nickel-zinc alloy or with tin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing the formation of leachable mercury in mercury arc vapor discharge lamps is provided which comprises providing in the lamp structure an effective amount of an antioxidant composition and an iron shield wherein the iron shield comprises a dose of elemental mercury.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing the formation of leachable mercury in mercury arc vapor discharge lamps is provided which comprises providing in the lamp structure an effective amount of a silver salt, gold salt, or combination thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing the formation of leachable mercury in mercury arc vapor discharge lamps is provided which comprises providing in the lamp structure an effective amount of an antioxidant composition and an iron shield wherein the iron shield comprises a dose of elemental mercury.

Abstract: The present method comprises determination of surface polarity of an inorganic material by measurement of the net heat of inert gas adsorption on the material surface, preferably by measurement of the BET constant C. The analysis is fast and easy to execute, and provides high signal-to-noise ratio. It is applicable to many surfaces, such as those containing silanol groups, regardless of the nature of the hydrophobic groups used in surface treatment of the material.

Abstract: Inorganic powder, preferably fumed silica, is rendered hydrophobic by treatment with a silylating agent in the presence of a third reagent selected from the group consisting of protonic acids, especially those having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure up to 120.degree. C., preferably formic acid, and linear phosphonitrilic halides, preferably linear phosphonitrilic chlorides.