Abstract: An electrically conductive ceramic glow plug for assisting in the combustion process of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine. The glow plug comprises a tubular metal outer body member adapted to be secured to a cylinder head of the engine, a lead-in wire terminal extending through the outer body member from one end thereof, and electrically conductive heating element extending through the outer metal body from the other end thereof, secured to the terminal. The heating element is an all-ceramic electrically conductive heating element, and includes a cylindrical body portion of ceramic particles having a thin path of electrically conductive ceramic particles disposed substantially coaxially with the body portion throughout its length from a heating tip at one end to the wire terminal at the other end. The ceramic heating element includes a coaxially extending pocket at the wire terminal end and the base of the pocket is exposed to the thin path of electrically conductive ceramic particles.

Abstract: A method of operating a compression ignition internal combustion engine wherein (i) the engine includes a reciprocating piston operable within a cylinder for placing a combustible fuel/air charge under compression within a combustion chamber sufficient to cause self-ignition when operating at a predetermined elevated engine temperature; and (ii) a glow plug having a heating element projecting within the combustion chamber to provide sufficient heat to the compressed fuel/air charge to ignite it when starting or operating the engine below said predetermined elevated engine temperature. The method comprises (a) providing power to said glow plug and initially establishing the temperature of the heating element at a temperature exceeding 1600.degree. F.; (b) starting the engine; (c) concurrently continuing to operate the engine and maintaining the heating element temperature at least at 1600.degree. F.

Abstract: A casting for conducting high temperature gases, such as an internal combustion engine cylinder head having to pass combustion exhaust gases therethrough, and a method of manufacturing the same wherein the casting includes a main body portion and a high strength steel exhaust port liner with a heat insulating chamber therebetween filled with hollow ceramic particles. The liner is cast in place thereby affixing the liner to the casting by means of diffusion bonding during the casting of the cast article. The liner and a low heat conductivity insulation blanket of hollow ceramic particles surrounding the liner and an annular steel ring, which serves as a thermally expanding seal between the casting and liner which also allows axial displacement between the casting and liner, are all provided as a unitary mold core prior to the casting of the cast article.

Abstract: Arrangements for engine compressor units are disclosed in which power cylinders operating on the two-stroke cycle are provided with charging air from a blower or other source which also provides charging air to two-cycle compressor cylinders via a separate turbocharging unit driven by the charging air and delivering more highly pressurized air to the compressor cylinders so as to increase compressor volumetric efficiency through the delivery of the precompressed inlet charges.

Abstract: A casting for conducting high temperature gases, such as an internal combustion engine cylinder head having to pass combustion exhaust gases therethrough, and a method of manufacturing the same wherein the casting includes a main body portion and a high strength steel exhaust port liner with a heat insulating chamber therebetween filled with hollow ceramic particles. The liner is cast in place thereby affixing the liner to the casting by means of diffusion bonding during the casting of the cast article. The liner and a low heat conductivity insulation blanket of hollow ceramic particles surrounding the liner and an annular steel ring, which serves as a thermally expanding seal between the casting and liner which also allows axial displacement between the casting and liner, are all provided as a unitary mold core prior to the casting of the cast article.

Abstract: The efficiency and charge cooling characteristics of incoming air charges in the air box of a two-cycle diesel engine, preferably of the turbocharged and intercooled type, are improved by the addition of an air box flow guide insert which extends above the air box floor and directs the air smoothly from the air box inlet opening toward the cylinder inlet ports, thereby reducing turbulence and the possibility of heat exchange with engine coolant below the air box lower wall.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle turbocharged internal combustion engine is provided with a dual core after-cooler and a dual function positively driven blower which at low engine loads is connected to provide necessary charging air to the engine air intake preferably through the inlet of the turbocharger compressor. During periods of high-load operation, when the turbocharger energy is alone sufficient to provide the engine inlet charge, the blower is reconnected to direct cooling air through the aftercooler system thus lowering the temperature of the inlet charge under high-load conditions. Numerous variations and modifications of the concept are disclosed.

Abstract: Improved engine performance and reduced temperatures of combustion and engine components giving lower NO exhaust emission results when a turbocharged Roots blown two-cycle diesel engine is provided with a flow restricting aftercooler between the positive displacement Roots blower and the engine cylinders. A preferred arrangement for a V-type engine mounts the after cooler in the engine cylinder block within the air box space between the cylinders and beneath the cylinder block-mounted Roots blower for a compact arrangement with simple connections to the engine coolant jacket and minimum changes to engine airflow. High velocity airflow in the cooler and scrubbing of the cooled air box lower wall provide good cooling efficiency as well as avoiding plugging of cooler air passages with carbon and other airborne particles.