Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for conducting blood treatment procedures. The method includes conducting the treatment procedure such as dialysis at a first efficiency until a limit value is reached, and then altering the first efficiency to a second efficiency until a second limit value has been reached. The method also includes devising a predetermined efficiency profile for the blood treatment procedure, conducting the procedure at a predetermined efficiency until a first limit value is reached, and then altering the efficiency of the blood treatment procedure in accordance with the predetermined efficiency profile.

Abstract: Apparatus for the supply of concentrate for use in medical treatment processes is disclosed, including a concentrate filter including a membrane, an inlet conduit for supplying concentrate to the inlet side of the concentrate filter during normal use and for supplying cleaning fluid to the inlet side of the concentrate filter during cleaning, an outlet conduit for withdrawing the filtered concentrate or a portion of the cleaning fluid from the outlet side of the concentrate filter, and a cleaning fluid withdrawal conduit connected to the inlet side of the concentrate filter and including a valve so that it can be closed during normal use of the concentrate filter and opened during cleaning of the concentrate filter in order to flush a portion of the cleaning fluid through the concentrate filter. Methods for supplying concentrate to be used for medical treatment purposes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A filtering device is disclosed which includes a pressure sensitive control valve to allow for overflow. The filtering device is particularly suitable for use in the medical treatment of blood, e.g., hemofiltration and plasmapheresis.

Abstract: Apparatus for hemofiltration is disclosed, including a reverse osmosis module for purifying an impure supply of water, a container for adding concentrate thereto and preparing a replacement liquid, a semipermeable hemofiltration membrane filter for filtering the supply of blood and the replacement liquid in order to produce an ultrafiltrate stream and a filtered blood stream from the supply of blood and a filtrate stream from the replacement liquid so that the filtered blood and filtrate streams can be mixed and returned to the patient.