Abstract: A defined peak region residing between about 3.2 and 3.4 ppm of a proton NMR spectrum of an in vitro biosample is electronically evaluated to determine a level of trimethylamine-N-oxide (“TMAO”). The biosample may be any suitable biosamples including human serum with a normal biologic range of between about 1-50 ?M or urine with a normal biologic range of between about 0-1000 ?M.

Abstract: An apparatus utilizing a functioning telephone system for teaching children of elementary school age number discrimination, mathematic concepts, letter discrimination and coding, spelling, improved reading comprehension, and a variety of other verbal concepts. The apparatus is especially adapted for use in schools. It is operated solely by students and includes a telephone switchboard which is electrically connected to a plurality of modified touch-tone telephones. While the telephone users may talk with one another when their telephones are connected through the switchboard, communication between the telephone users and switchboard operator is entirely by visually presented instructions.