Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission unit connected in one end to a driving unit, the transmission unit having a large belt disc with at least one large belt extending around and in contact with the large belt disc, and a high speed shaft. The transmission unit includes a planetary carrier being coupled to the driving unit, the planetary carrier carrying at least two planetary belt pulleys, each belt pulley having a belt pulley shaft which is in rotational coupling with the at least one large belt, each planetary pulley having at least one planetary belt, the planetary belt(s) rotationally coupling the planetary pulleys with the high speed shaft, the large belt disc being stationary mounted, the high speed shaft being coupled to a driven unit.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the manufacture of a plant viral capsid to be used for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased cells. The process uses a plant virus as the starting material. The choice of the plant virus overcomes a problem in the manufacture of a uniform starting material. The final product has an advantage over other plant virus-based delivery systems in that the plant virus selected has a natural structure that is resistant to breakdown during the delivery process. This system takes advantage of the reversible divalent cation switch that this capsid employs to assemble and disassemble.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products by reaction of compounds having a nucleophilic center with alkylene oxides in a reactor having a large inner surface. The invention is characterized in that the reaction is carried out exclusively in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method for the production of alkylene oxide addition products comprising (i) charging a stirred reactor with a starting compound capable of adding on or inserting alkylene oxides, introducing at least one alkylene oxide plus a different diluent gas, wherein a portion of said alkylene oxide reacts in a liquid phase with said starting compound, and the remaining alkylene oxide together with said diluent gas forms a gas phase above the liquid phase, (ii) continuously drawing off said liquid phase from the bottom of the reactor via an outlet stub, and recycling to the top of the reactor via an external circulation system, which comprises at least one heat exchanger and at least one Venturi nozzle within said external circulation system, and (iii) metering said gas phase comprising alkylene oxide into said Venturi nozzle via a vacuum line.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the manufacture of a plant viral capsid to be used for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased cells. The process uses a plant virus as the starting material. The choice of the plant virus overcomes a problem in the manufacture of a uniform starting material. The final product has an advantage over other plant virus-based delivery systems in that the plant virus selected has a natural structure that is resistant to breakdown during the delivery process. This system takes advantage of the reversible divalent cation switch that this capsid employs to assemble and disassemble.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products. The method according to the invention is characterized by (a) contacting ethylene and/or propylene with an oxidizing agent in a first structured reactor (“? reactor”) and (b) feeding the ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide so obtained, optionally after purification, to a second structured reactor where it is reacted with a compound having a nucleophilic molecular group.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing alkene oxides by contacting in a microreaction system (?-reactor) a C2- C3 alkene with an oxidizing agent comprising a peroxo compound.

Abstract: A method of detecting a target nucleic acid is disclosed, the method comprising detecting the presence of a fluorescent covalent crosslinked product from non-fluorescent precursors. The fluorescent covalent crosslinked product comprises a novel fluorophore structure. Also described are methods of synthesizing probe molecules that can form fluorescent covalent crosslinked products with nucleic acid targets and arrays comprising such probes.

Abstract: A method of detecting the presence of an analyte, such as a target nucleic acid sequence, protein sequence or small molecule, which can also be employed to detect the formation of duplex structures, is disclosed. The method can comprise nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules, employing photoelectrochemically active nanoparticles, branched polymers or other structures that carry photoelectrochemically active molecules capable of generating a photocurrent when excited by light in the presence of an electric field is disclosed. The method can be employed to detect hybridization on an array and can be employed in sequencing, mutational analysis (for example, single nucleotide polymorphisms and other variations in a population) and for monitoring gene expression by analysis of the level of expression of messenger RNA extracted from a cell. The method is applicable to the detection of antibody binding or other protein binding for analyte detection in an array format.

Abstract: A process for the ozonolysis of unsaturated starting materials, which is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a structured reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products by reaction of compounds having a nucleophilic center with alkylene oxides in a reactor having a large inner surface. The invention is characterized in that the reaction is carried out exclusively in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A nucleic acid hybridization detection assay is carried out at an electrode. A solid electrode, such as an indium tin oxide electrode, is modified by capture probes comprising single-stranded oligonucleotides immobilized to the surface of the electrode. In some embodiments using sandwich assay methodology, the capture probes hybridize complementary target nucleic acid sequences, which in turn are bound to detection probes comprising nanoparticle-oligonucleotide conjugates comprising target-complementary oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, detection probes comprise nanoparticles attached to molecules comprising one partner of a ligand-binding pair (e.g., streptavidin), while target sequences comprise the other partner of the ligand-binding pair (e.g., biotin).

Abstract: A method for the production of alkylene oxide addition products comprising (i) charging a stirred reactor with a starting compound capable of adding on or inserting alkylene oxides, introducing at least one alkylene oxide plus a different diluent gas, wherein a portion of said alkylene oxide reacts in a liquid phase with said starting compound, and the remaining alkylene oxide together with said diluent gas forms a gas phase above the liquid phase, (ii) continuously drawing off said liquid phase from the bottom of the reactor via an outlet stub, and recycling to the top of the reactor via an external circulation system, which comprises at least one heat exchanger and at least one Venturi nozzle within said external circulation system, and (iii) metering said gas phase comprising alkylene oxide into said Venturi nozzle via a vacuum line.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide by contacting ethylene and/or propylene with an oxidizing agent, wherein (i) the reaction takes place in a microreaction system (p-reactor) and (ii) the oxidizing agent used is a peroxo compound.

Abstract: A nanoparticle delivery vehicle, comprising a nanoparticle, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal and methods of modulating gene expression and protein expression employing the nanoparticle delivery vehicle. A representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter of about 30 nm or less, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the nucleus of a target cell. Another representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter greater than or equal to about 30 nm, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the cytoplasm of a cell.

Abstract: A nanoparticle delivery vehicle, comprising a nanoparticle, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal and methods of modulating gene expression and protein expression employing the nanoparticle delivery vehicle. A representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter of about 30 nm or less, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the nucleus of a target cell. Another representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter greater than or equal to about 30 nm, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the cytoplasm of a cell.

Abstract: A process for the ozonolysis of unsaturated starting materials, which is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a structured reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for acquiring an infrared spectrum of a sample having or suspected to have an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof. A representative method includes providing a sample; providing an internal reflecting element (IRE) with a functionalized tip; contacting the sample with the IRE to form a sample-IRE interface; directing a beam of infrared (IR) radiation through the IRE under conditions such that the IR radiation interacts with the sample-IRE interface once; recording a reflectance profile over a range of preselected frequencies, whereby an infrared spectrum of the of a sample having or suspected of having an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof, disposed in an aqueous solution is acquired.

Abstract: A method of detecting a target nucleic acid is disclosed, the method comprising detecting the presence of a fluorescent covalent crosslinked product from non-fluorescent precursors. The fluorescent covalent crosslinked product comprises a novel fluorophore structure. Also described are methods of synthesizing probe molecules that can form fluorescent covalent crosslinked products with nucleic acid targets and arrays comprising such probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for working up fatty compounds from esterification and transesterification reactions, wherein, the fatty compounds are contacted with ion exchangers to remove unwanted constituents.