Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing dienes from a material stream comprising C3 to C5 hydrocarbons by selective hydrogenation at a specified reaction pressure and a specified reaction temperature in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the reaction pressure and the reaction temperature at the reactor inlet are regulated such that the reaction pressure at the reactor inlet does not deviate by more than 0.01 bar from the specified reaction pressure and the reaction temperature at the reactor inlet does not deviate by more than 0.1° C. from the specified reaction temperature and the proportion of hydrogen supplied to the selective hydrogenation is in the range from 2 to 20 moles per mole of diene present in the material stream comprising C3 to C5 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing dienes from a material stream comprising C3 to C5 hydrocarbons by selective hydrogenation at a specified reaction pressure and a specified reaction temperature in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the reaction pressure and the reaction temperature at the reactor inlet are regulated such that the reaction pressure at the reactor inlet does not deviate by more than 0.01 bar from the specified reaction pressure and the reaction temperature at the reactor inlet does not deviate by more than 0.1° C. from the specified reaction temperature and the proportion of hydrogen supplied to the selective hydrogenation is in the range from 2 to 20 moles per mole of diene present in the material stream comprising C3 to C5 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst comprising alumina as carrier material and palladium or platinum as active component, obtainable by a) impregnating an alumina carrier with a solution comprising at least one salt of the active component palladium or platinum, b) drying the catalyst thus obtained, c) treating the catalyst thus obtained with hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and at least one inert gas, for a period of 1 to 24 hours at a temperature of 30 to 200° C., and d) thereafter keeping the catalyst thus reduced in the presence of hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and at least one inert gas, for a period of 1 hour to 10 days at a temperature of 10 to 100° C. The catalyst provided by the invention is useful in processes for isomerization of olefins from olefin-containing hydrocarbonaceous mixtures having 4 to 20 carbon atoms at temperatures of 10 to 150° C. and pressures of 1 to 35 bar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing linear alpha-olefins having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms over a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a hydrogenation metal and a selectivity promoter selected from among selenium and tellurium on a support, and also a process for preparing 1-olefins by a metathesis reaction of 2-olefins with ethene, wherein the 2-olefins are prepared by the above mentioned isomerization process.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out a three-phase reaction of a liquid phase, a gaseous phase, and a catalyst over a fixed catalyst bed is disclosed. The liquid and gaseous phases are passed through the reactor via a mixing and distribution device positioned over the fixed catalyst bed. The mixing and distribution device includes a trough distributor for the liquid phase, having trough-shaped channels, outlet tubes in the trough-shaped channels for the liquid phase, a distributor plate below the trough distributor, and vertical nozzles, having one or more openings for the gaseous phase and one or more openings, arranged below the openings for the gaseous phase. For entry of the liquid phase, the nozzles are installed so that, at a predetermined liquid feed rate, the surface of the liquid on the distributor plate is below the openings for the gaseous phase and above the openings for the liquid phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing linear alpha-olefins having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms over a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a hydrogenation metal and a selectivity promoter selected from among selenium and tellurium on a support, and also a process for preparing 1-olefins by a metathesis reaction of 2-olefins with ethene, wherein the 2-olefins are prepared by the above mentioned isomerization process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing olefins in olefin-comprising hydrocarbon mixtures having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms at temperatures of from 20 to 200° C. and pressures of from 1 to 200 bar in the liquid phase in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein a catalyst comprising from 1 to 20% by weight of nickel in oxidic form and from 1 to 20% by weight of at least one element of group VIB on an aluminum oxide support is used.

Abstract: A reactor (R) for carrying out a three-phase reaction of a liquid phase (1) and a gaseous phase (2) over a fixed catalyst bed (F), with the fixed catalyst bed (F) being arranged horizontally in the reactor (R) and the liquid phase (1) and the gaseous phase (2) being passed through the reactor (R) in cocurrent from the top downward via a mixing and distribution device (MD) over the fixed catalyst bed (F), wherein the mixing and distribution device (MD) comprises a trough distributor (TD) for the liquid phase (1) having trough-shaped channels (C) and outlet tubes (O) in the trough-shaped channels (C) for the liquid phase (1) and a distributor plate (P) which is arranged with a spacing below the trough distributor (TD) and in which vertical nozzles (N) having one or more openings (P1) for entry of the gaseous phase (2) and one or more openings (P2), which are arranged below the openings (P1) for entry of the gaseous phase, for entry of the liquid phase (1) into the nozzles (N) are installed, with the number and

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts, the catalytically active mass of which contains 22 to 40 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2, 1 to 30 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, the molar ratio between nickel and copper being greater than 1, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO, and less than 1 percent by weight of an alkali metal, calculated as alkali metal oxide, prior to being treated with hydrogen. Also disclosed is a method for the production of amines by reacting primary and secondary alcohols, aldehydes, or ketones with hydrogen and nitrogen compounds selected from the group ammonia, primary and secondary amines, in the presence of said catalysts at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts, the catalytically active mass of which contains 22 to 40 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2, 1 to 30 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, the molar ratio between nickel and copper being greater than 1, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO, and less than 1 percent by weight of an alkali metal, calculated as alkali metal oxide, prior to being treated with hydrogen. Also disclosed is a method for the production of amines by reacting primary and secondary alcohols, aldehydes, or ketones with hydrogen and nitrogen compounds selected from the group ammonia, primary and secondary amines, in the presence of said catalysts at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure.

Abstract: The optical recording medium comprises at least one substrate and at least one storage layer of the phase change type with at least three reversibly interswitchable states of differing optical behavior, the difference in reflectivity between at least one pair of states being greater than between the amorphous and the crystalline state.