Abstract: A method of assembling a testing apparatus for a full-power converter assembly includes coupling an electric power supply apparatus to an electric power grid. The method also includes coupling a direct current (DC) generation apparatus to the electric power supply apparatus. The method further includes coupling an electric power grid simulation device to the DC generation apparatus. The method also includes coupling a full-power converter assembly test connection to the electric power grid simulation device.

Abstract: A system for detecting the absolute rotational angle of a shaft rotatable more than one revolution includes a drive wheel connected to the shaft to rotate therewith. The drive wheel includes measurement sectors adjacent to one another in a circumferential direction. First and second driven wheels are engaged to the drive wheel. First and second sensors monitor rotational positions of the driven wheels to thereby detect an absolute rotational angle of the shaft. A third sensor monitors a relative angular position of the shaft in relation to a detected one of the measurement sectors to thereby detect the relative angular position of the shaft within one revolution of the shaft. The detected absolute rotational angle of the shaft is refined with the detected relative angular position of the shaft to thereby generate the absolute rotational angle of the shaft with more precision.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a power connector configured to mate with an electrical power grid receptacle and receive a grid power therefrom and a heating and cooling system electrically connected to the power connector to receive grid power therefrom and configured to modify a temperature the vehicle cabin. The vehicle also includes a temperature control loop configured to selectively activate and control the heating and cooling system and a controller configured to receive a first input signal comprising a desired vehicle activation time and a second input signal comprising a starting vehicle cabin temperature and a desired vehicle cabin temperature. The controller determines a temperature control loop activation time based on the first and second input signals that is prior to the desired vehicle activation time and transmits an activation signal to the temperature control loop at the temperature control loop activation time to activate the heating and cooling system.

Abstract: A power inverter system includes a DC to AC inverter configured to convert DC voltage from a DC power source to AC voltage. A DC link couples the DC power source and the inverter. An inverter pre-charger operates to pre-charge the inverter to achieve a desired DC link voltage prior to connecting the power inverter system to an AC power grid. A phased lock loop synchronizes the pre-charged inverter to the AC power grid prior to connecting the power inverter system to the AC power grid. The pre-charged inverter regulates the DC link voltage to about the minimum voltage level that allows control of AC grid currents via the inverter subsequent to connecting the power inverter system to the AC grid. The inverter operates in a maximum power point tracking control mode only subsequent to a first voltage transient caused by connecting the DC power source to energize the power inverter system.

Abstract: A three level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter includes a plurality of phase legs each having at least two inner switching devices, at least two outer switching devices, at least two clamping diodes, and a protection circuit. An inner component failure sensing circuit is employed in the protection circuit to detect a failure condition in any of the inner switching devices or clamping diodes. The protection circuit further includes a gating signal generation circuit configured to generate a turn ON signal for a respective outer switching device that is adjacent to the failed inner switching device or the clamping diode.

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein are directed to a system comprising, a semiconductor device including a semiconductor junction, an optical fiber, a proximal end of said optical fiber in electromagnetic communication with said semiconductor junction, and a processing unit in electromagnetic communication with a distal end of said optical fiber, said processing unit capable of receiving electromagnetic information available at said distal end and processing the electromagnetic information.

Abstract: A control system for a multilevel converter includes a differential mode current regulator, a neutral point (NP) controller and a PWM controller for generating switching pulses for the multilevel converter. The differential mode current regulator generates reference voltage command signals based on a difference between reference current command signals and actual current command signals, and the NP controller determines a modified neutral point current signal in response to a DC link voltage unbalance. The NP controller utilizes the modified neutral point current signal to generate a common mode reference voltage signal. The switching pulses are generated by the PWM controller based on the reference voltage command signals and the common mode reference voltage signal.

Abstract: A multilevel converter includes a plurality of phase legs each having at least two inner switching devices, at least two outer switching devices, at least two clamping diodes, a split DC link and a switching device failure detection circuit. The switching device failure detection circuit includes a logic module for each of the switching devices, a voltage calculation module and a failure detection algorithm. The logic module generates a blocking state logic signal by comparing a switching device voltage and a threshold reference voltage and the voltage calculation module determines an expected voltage blocking state for each of the switching devices based on the gate drive signals of the switching devices and an output current direction. The failure detection algorithm detects a failure condition in any of the switching devices based on the blocking state logic signals and the expected voltage blocking states of the switching devices.

Abstract: A method of operating a neutral point clamped (NPC) three level converter is provided. The NPC converter includes at least two legs, each leg comprising first and second top switches connected in series at a first mid point. The converter further includes first and second bottom switches connected in series at a second mid point, and first and second middle switches connected in series at a third mid point therebetween. The first top and second bottom switches are connected in series at a DC link and the first and the second middle switches are connected between the first and the second mid points. Each of the top, bottom and middle switches has an antiparallel diode thereacross. The method includes alternately switching the first and second top switches to ON state when the first middle switch is in ON state and the second middle switch is in OFF state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a system for carrying out the method for detecting authorized or unauthorized opening of an access device of a telecommunications network in the control centre, which monitors the access device, on the basis of alarm messages transmitted as a result of the access device being opened, in which, before the access device is opened in each case, a signalling unit is used to transmit a message to a signalling server which can generate a valid item of alarm suppression information which can be evaluated in the control centre, wherein, if an alarm message is received, it is compared with the alarm suppression information and the alarm message is filtered in the event of a positive association.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a power connector configured to mate with an electrical power grid receptacle and receive a grid power therefrom and a heating and cooling system electrically connected to the power connector to receive grid power therefrom and configured to modify a temperature the vehicle cabin. The vehicle also includes a temperature control loop configured to selectively activate and control the heating and cooling system and a controller configured to receive a first input signal comprising a desired vehicle activation time and a second input signal comprising a starting vehicle cabin temperature and a desired vehicle cabin temperature. The controller determines a temperature control loop activation time based on the first and second input signals that is prior to the desired vehicle activation time and transmits an activation signal to the temperature control loop at the temperature control loop activation time to activate the heating and cooling system.

Abstract: A formulation for use in chrome-free or chrome tanning is proposed, comprising a clay mineral which, after vigorous stirring for 30 minutes in water at 50° C., has a number average particle diameter of less than 2 ?m or a bimodal size distribution with a first, finely divided fraction whose number average particle diameter is less than 0.5 ?m and a second, coarser fraction whose number average particle diameter is less than 5 ?m, determined in each case by the method according to ISO 13320-1, by combined laser light diffraction and light scattering, the amount of the first, finely divided fraction being from 10 to 90% by weight, and one or more substances from one or more of the following groups: organic polymers, aldehyde tanning agents, sulfone tanning agents, resin tanning agents, phenol tanning agents, fatliquoring agents, vegetable tanning agents, dyes and pigments.

Abstract: A semifinished leather product is produced from an animal hide by pretanning with the use of a chromium-free tanning agent and of a clay mineral which, after stirring for 30 minutes in water at 50° C. at a circumferential rotor speed of from 5 to 25 m/s, has a number average particle diameter of less than 2 ?m or a bimodal particle size distribution with a first, finely divided fraction whose number average particle diameter is less than 0.5 ?m and a second, coarser fraction whose number average particle diameter is less than 5 ?m, determined in each case by the method according to ISO 13320-1, by combined laser light diffraction and light scattering, a proportion of the first, finely divided fraction being from 10 to 90% by weight, and drying of the pretanned animal hide to a water content of from 5 to 45%, based on the total weight of the semifinished leather product.

Abstract: A substrate layer for use in an inductor is provided. The substrate layer comprises traces disposed on a first side of the substrate layer, wherein the traces are configured to facilitate conduction of current in a winding of the inductor, a sealing layer disposed on a second side of the substrate layer, wherein the sealing layer is configured to provide a sealing border for an electrically isolated cooling channel and an interconnect foil disposed on the second side of the substrate layer, wherein the interconnect foil is configured to facilitate operationally coupling the substrate layer to a second substrate layer. Further, the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may be operationally coupled to form a winding for use in an inductor with an electrically isolated cooling channel in between.

Abstract: Process for the production of leather, wherein, after liming, deliming and, if appropriate, pickling, animal hides are pretanned or tanned with a mixture of compounds comprising (a) at least one organic tanning agent and (b) a mixture of (b1) at least one C3-C12-dicarboxylic acid (b2) and at least one further acidic compound selected from C1-C3-mono- or C3-C12-dicarboxylic acids, or salts thereof.

Abstract: Adducts are obtained by reacting carbonyl compounds of the formula I where R1 and R2 are as defined, with cyclic compounds of the formula II where X is selected from oxygen, sulfur and N—R8, R3-R8 are as defined, and n is an integer from 1 to 4, which adducts are useful as tanning agents and preservatives.

Abstract: Horny substances are removed from hides, pelts or skins of dead animals by treating the hides, pelts or skins in aqueous liquor with one or more compounds of the formula I or their corresponding alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts or ammonium or phosphonium salts, the variables being defined as follows: R1 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C12-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more S—H or O—H groups; X1 to X4 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, O—H, S—H and N—HR2, R2 is hydrogen or C1-C12-alkyl or a C1-C4-Alkyl-C?O group, at least one radical X1 to X4 being S—H when R1 contains at least one sulfur atom and at least two radicals X1 to X4 being S—H when R1 contains no sulfur atom.

Abstract: Tanning agents can be prepared by reacting at least one aldehyde of formula I, with at least one further identical or different aldehyde of formula I, where Z is a single chemical bond, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12-alkylene, unsubstituted or substituted C5-C12-cycloalkylene or unsubstituted or substituted C6-C14-arylene, the reaction being carried out in the presence of an acidic catalyst and in the presence of at least one further carbonyl compound of formula II where R1 to R4, independently of one another, are hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-C12-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C7-C13-aralkyl or unsubstituted or substituted C6-C14-aryl, with the proviso that, where Z is a single chemical bond or a radical without a-hydrogen atoms, at least one further aldehyde of the formula I, in which Z contains ?-hydrogen atoms, or at least one further carbonyl compound of formula II is present.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of leather comprises the following process steps: (a) Application of at least one cationic or amphoteric aqueous treatment composition to leather by roll coating and/or roll application and/or spray application, and subsequently (b) treatment of the leather with an anionic leather treatment composition in a drum.

Abstract: Leather is produced by a process comprising at least two of the following process steps A) to D): A) use of one or more polyelectrolytes in the production of semifinished products or intermediate products, comprising the addition of one or more polyelectrolytes in at least one of the steps (a) to (d) (a) together with from 0 to 1.5% by weight, based on the salted weight, of lime, immediately before or during liming, (b) before or during deliming, (c) before or during bating, (d) together with, altogether, from 0 to 3% by weight, based on the pelt weight, of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt, immediately before or during pickling; B) treatment of the hides during liming in an aqueous liquor with one or more compounds of the formula B.1 ?or the corresponding alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or phosphonium salts thereof, R10 and X1 to X4 having the meanings stated in the description, with the proviso that at least two mercapto groups are present in the compound or the compounds B.