Abstract: In a piston and cylinder device, such as a hydraulic cylinder, potential or kinetic energy of the piston just before reaching the cylinder head at the end of a stroke can be mitigated using a rod spud/cushion sleeve arrangement where the rod spud and cushion sleeve comprise complementary continuously and gradually tapered portions forming an annular orifice having a cross-sectional area that dynamically, continuously and gradually decreases as an external tapered portion of the rod spud moves through an internal tapered portion of the cushion sleeve to the end of the piston stroke.

Abstract: An electronically controlled substrate working apparatus, such as a CNC controlled milling machine, drill press or lathe. The apparatus comprises a tool configured to remove material from the substrate, a spindle motor coupled to the tool, a feed motor configured to cause relative movement between the tool and the substrate along a feed path, a controller configured to control the spindle motor and the feed motor and a tool load measurement structure configured to provide a tool load value to the controller. The controller is configured to compare the load on the tool with stored or calculated first compliance values for a first location along the feed path and second compliance values for a second location along the feed path.

Abstract: A hydraulic rotary manifold has a core manifold having a barrel and a rotatable spindle inserted in the barrel. The core manifold is common to a variety of different configurations involving removable spindle-mounted and barrel-mounted manifolds, which may be removably mounted on the core manifold and exchanged for other removable manifolds to provide different hydraulic fluid flow paths in the rotary manifold using the common core manifold. The rotary manifold permits retrofitting a secondary fluid flow path to use a secondary fluid in conjunction with a work tool mounted on the rotary manifold. The rotary manifold permits mounting a rotary position encoder on a barrel-side of the rotary manifold permitting the use of the common core manifold when a rotary position encoder is desired.

Abstract: A hydraulic rotary manifold has a core manifold having a barrel and a rotatable spindle inserted in the barrel. The core manifold is common to a variety of different configurations involving removable spindle-mounted and barrel-mounted manifolds, which may be removably mounted on the core manifold and exchanged for other removable manifolds to provide different hydraulic fluid flow paths in the rotary manifold using the common core manifold. The rotary manifold permits retrofitting a secondary fluid flow path to use a secondary fluid in conjunction with a work tool mounted on the rotary manifold. The rotary manifold permits mounting a rotary position encoder on a barrel-side of the rotary manifold permitting the use of the common core manifold when a rotary position encoder is desired.

Abstract: An electronically controlled substrate working apparatus, such as a CNC controlled milling machine, drill press or lathe. The apparatus comprises a tool configured to remove material from the substrate, a spindle motor coupled to the tool, a feed motor configured to cause relative movement between the tool and the substrate along a feed path, a controller configured to control the spindle motor and the feed motor and a tool load measurement structure configured to provide a tool load value to the controller. The controller is configured to compare the load on the tool with stored or calculated first compliance values for a first location along the feed path and second compliance values for a second location along the feed path.

Abstract: A coupler pin couples an output sleeve of rotary unit to an input member of a rotary sensor with interference fits. The coupler pin has a first part and a second part. A key groove is formed in an inner surface of a coupling bore in the output sleeve. The first part is received by the coupling bore, and the first part has a key member which is received by the key groove. The second part has a key slot formed therein. The input member has a key. The key has a slip fit with a first part of the key slot and has an interference fit with a second part of the key slot. The key projects inwardly from a wall of a coupling bore in the input member. The second part is divided into a plurality of sections by axially extending cross-cuts.

Abstract: A coupler pin couples an output sleeve of rotary unit to an input member of a rotary sensor with interference fits. The coupler pin has a first part and a second part. A key groove is formed in an inner surface of a coupling bore in the output sleeve. The first part is received by the coupling bore, and the first part has a key member which is received by the key groove. The second part has a key slot formed therein. The input member has a key. The key has a slip fit with a first part of the key slot and has an interference fit with a second part of the key slot. The key projects inwardly from a wall of a coupling bore in the input member. The second part is divided into a plurality of sections by axially extending cross-cuts.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid coupling for attaching two hydraulic hoses that comprises an inline swivel joint to prevent twisting of the hoses. The coupling comprises a first and second coupling portion, with the second coupling portion rotatable relative to the first coupling portion. There are two bearings and a ring shaped piston that slides toward the second bearing in response to fluid pressure inside the coupling. Engagement of the piston with the second bearing urges the second coupling portion towards the first coupling portion, against the action of fluid pressure between the first and second couplings. This reduces the load on the first bearing and transfers some of that load to the second bearing, thereby making it easier to rotate the second coupling portion.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid coupling for attaching two hydraulic hoses that comprises an inline swivel joint to prevent twisting of the hoses. The coupling comprises a first and second coupling portion, with the second coupling portion rotatable relative to the first coupling portion. There are two bearings and a ring shaped piston that slides toward the second bearing in response to fluid pressure inside the coupling. Engagement of the piston with the second bearing urges the second coupling portion towards the first coupling portion, against the action of fluid pressure between the first and second couplings. This reduces the load on the first bearing and transfers some of that load to the second bearing, thereby making it easier to rotate the second coupling portion.

Abstract: The disc saw blade has a plurality of teeth detachably mounted in sockets provided in a rim portion around the circumference thereof. Each tooth has an anchoring portion, and a cutting edge which projects slightly from the circumference of the saw blade. The sockets each have an anchor-receiving portion to receive the anchoring portion of a tooth. The teeth and the sockets are configured such that each tooth is installed by inserting its anchoring portion into a corresponding anchor-receiving portion of a socket, in an axial direction, and then securing the tooth to prevent axial removal, for example by making the anchoring portion cylindrical and rotating the tooth rearwardly about a center of the cylindrical anchoring portion to position a keyway on a key portion extending into the socket, or by using a bolt threaded into or through the tooth. Radial removal is prevented by the anchoring portion being shaped such that it cannot be extracted from the anchor-receiving portion, except axially.