Abstract: The present invention relates to a satellite communications system comprising a satellite with a spatial digital modulator for transmitting an incoming bit stream in multiple beams, wherein the spatial digital modulator is configured to generate transmit symbols by dividing the incoming bit stream into symbols of a symbol alphabet and to allocate each transmit symbol to a specific beam. The invention further relates to a method for transmitting a bit stream by such a satellite communications system.

Abstract: A device and a method for reducing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and soot particles present in the exhaust gases of diesel engines are provided. The device includes 1) a diesel oxidation catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen monoxide; 2) a first unit by means of which ammonia and/or a compound that breaks down to form ammonia can be metered into the exhaust gas that is to be purified; 3) a catalytically activated particulate filter, containing a wall-flow filter substrate comprising a catalytically active material that promotes the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides to form nitrogen; 4) a second unit by means of which ammonia and/or a compound that breaks down to form ammonia can be metered into the exhaust gas that is to be purified; as well as 5) a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides to form nitrogen.

Abstract: A device and a method for reducing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and soot particles present in the exhaust gases of diesel engines are provided. The device includes 1) a diesel oxidation catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen monoxide; 2) a first unit by means of which ammonia and/or a compound that breaks down to form ammonia can be metered into the exhaust gas that is to be purified; 3) a catalytically activated particulate filter, containing a wall-flow filter substrate comprising a catalytically active material that promotes the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides to form nitrogen; 4) a second unit by means of which ammonia and/or a compound that breaks down to form ammonia can be metered into the exhaust gas that is to be purified; as well as 5) a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides to form nitrogen.

Abstract: An exhaust gas post treatment system for an internal combustion engine, including an intake device for taking hydrocarbons into an exhaust gas pipe carrying the exhaust process gas from the internal combustion engine and a treatment device through which exhaust process gas flows downstream of the intake location and which increases the exhaust process gas temperature by oxidation of the hydrocarbons taken in. An exhaust gas post treatment system and a method for operating the same, in that the treatment device has catalytically coated components, the hydrocarbons are at least partly evaporated in the intake device and are modified chemically by cracking reactions and/or by partial oxidation, and the proportion of platinum, at least in a subregion of the catalytic coating of the components, is less than 50% of the overall mass of all the catalytically active substances in this sub region of the coating.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a particulate filter system for an internal combustion engine wherein an. An exhaust gas stream enters a housing via a gas inlet opening. The housing receives a particulate filter, the stream flows into crude gas ducts connected to the gas inlet opening, and the stream can flow out of the particulate filter via clean gas ducts that are in fluid connection with a gas outlet opening, and are separated from the crude gas ducts. The crude gas ducts are connected to a connecting space in the direction of flow, and the connecting space has an exhaust port controlled by a closing mechanism. According to the invention, a method for operating an open particulate filter system is provided, by which the degree of separation of the soot particles from the exhaust gas can be increased.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, having a catalytic converter and/or particle filter which are/is assigned a burner arranged upstream in an exhaust line, to which burner fuel can be supplied via a fuel nozzle device and also combustion air can be supplied, and wherein the combustion air and the fuel emerging from the fuel nozzle device are mixed in a downstream air swirl vaporizer nozzle. An exhaust-gas aftertreatment system having a burner which operates reliably with a compact design and in which the supplied energy for operating the burner is reduced in relation to known systems. The fuel nozzle device has a nozzle body which extends at least from an inlet to an outlet and which has arranged therein a support body, which nozzle body and support body together produce a film-forming fuel supply duct.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas post treatment system for an internal combustion engine, including an intake device for taking hydrocarbons into an exhaust gas pipe carrying the exhaust process gas from the internal combustion engine and a treatment device through which exhaust process gas flows downstream of the intake location and which increases the exhaust process gas temperature by means of oxidation of the hydrocarbons taken in. The invention specifies an exhaust gas post treatment system and a method for operating such an exhaust gas post treatment system which can be implemented cost-effectively.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a particulate filter system for an internal combustion engine wherein an. An exhaust gas stream enters a housing via a gas inlet opening. The housing receives a particulate filter, the stream flows into crude gas ducts connected to the gas inlet opening, and the stream can flow out of the particulate filter via clean gas ducts that are in fluid connection with a gas outlet opening, and are separated from the crude gas ducts. The crude gas ducts are connected to a connecting space in the direction of flow, and the connecting space has an exhaust port controlled by a closing mechanism. According to the invention, a method for operating an open particulate filter system is provided, by which the degree of separation of the soot particles from the exhaust gas can be increased.

Abstract: A vaporizer device which works together with an exhaust pipe carrying process exhaust gas. An exhaust duct of the vaporizer device opens into the exhaust pipe. The vaporizer device has a burner comprising an injection device for fuel and air, a combustion chamber, and the exhaust duct. An exhaust gas aftertreatment device is inserted into the exhaust pipe downstream of the junction with the exhaust duct. A method for the operation of such a vaporizer device. According to the invention, a vaporizer device and a method for the operation of such a vaporizer device are provided, and are expanded or improved with respect to the functionality thereof. This is achieved in that an introduction device for the vaporizable liquid is inserted into the exhaust duct.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas aftertreatment system (5) for an auto-ignition internal combustion engine, having a catalytic converter (7a) and/or particle filter (7b) which are/is assigned a burner (6) arranged upstream in an exhaust line (4), to which burner (6) fuel can be supplied via a fuel nozzle device and also combustion air can be supplied, and wherein the combustion air and the fuel emerging from the fuel nozzle device are mixed in a downstream air swirl vaporizer nozzle (21). An exhaust-gas aftertreatment system (5) having a burner (6) is provided which operates reliably with a compact design and in which the supplied energy for operating the burner (6) is reduced in relation to known systems. Furthermore, the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system (5) can be used for all conceivable variants of a system of said type.

Abstract: Method and device for simultaneous in-situ determination of particle size and mass concentration of fluid-borne particles, wherein the device includes a sensor unit comprising a sending unit and a receiver, a laser coupled to the sensor unit, a detector coupled to the sensor unit, and a microprocessor coupled to the sensor unit, wherein the sensor unit is at least one of adjustable in cross section and variable in diameter and wherein the sensor unit is arranged to one of protrude into the fluid-borne particles and wrap around the fluid-borne particles. The method includes placing the sensor unit adjacent a pipe having a gas flow and simultaneously determining a particle size and a mass concentration of the fluid-borne particles in the gas flow.