Abstract: The invention provides modular cell-free de-novo synthesis of glycans with immobilized bionanocatalysts. The invention provides materials, and in particular, magnetic materials, for producing glycans of defined length and sequences using one or more enzymes that are immobilized within bionanocatalysts (BNCs) which in turn are embedded within scaffolds to control the synthesis in batch or continuous processes manufacturing. In some embodiments, the scaffolds are high magnetism and high porosity composite blends of thermoplastics or thermosets comprising magnetic particles that form powders. In some embodiments, Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is used to design and produce objects via 3D printing by sintering composite magnetic powders. The modular flow cells may be mixed and matched for a highly customizable and highly efficient cell-free manufacturing process. In some embodiments the elementary and system modules provided by the invention are employed.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for glycosylation and preparation of compounds. The compounds include galactosylated, sialylated, fucosylated, and N-acetylglucosaminylated compounds from simple animal-derived, plant-derived, or microbe-derived oligosaccharides and sugars. In certain embodiments, the invention provides trinucleotide-free enzymatic production of oligosaccharides starting from simple sugars that include plant-based sugars. The invention also provides the enzymatic production of fucosylated oligosaccharides and fucosylated antibody-glycan conjugates from common sugars. The production may be a cell-free, one-pot synthesis using enzymes, and in some embodiments, immobilized enzymes. The synthesis is a highly customizable and highly efficient cell-free manufacturing process. In some embodiments, lactose derivatives and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are produced.

Abstract: The present invention provides magnetic macroporous polymeric hybrid scaffolds for supporting and enhancing the effectiveness of bionanocatalysts (BNC). The novel scaffolds comprise cross-linked water-insoluble polymers and an approximately uniform distribution of embedded magnetic microparticles (MMP). The cross-linked polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and optionally additional polymeric materials. The scaffolds may take any shape by using a cast during preparation of the scaffolds. Alternatively, the scaffolds may be ground to microparticles for use in biocatalytic reactions. Alternatively, the scaffolds may be shaped as beads for use in biocatalyst reactions. Methods for preparing and using the scaffolds are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and methods for producing metabolites used to measure the toxicity of chemical compounds. They incorporate enzymatic microsomes and magnetic nanoparticles that magnetically entrap enzymes. These enzyme systems catalyze chemicals to yield measurable metabolic products. The microsomes and the magnetic nanoparticles containing enzymes are associated with macroporous scaffolds and non-reactive components that facilitate the enzyme reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides materials, and in particular, magnetic materials, for the universal immobilization of enzymes and enzyme systems. Described herein are highly magnetic and highly porous composite blends of thermoplastics with magnetic particles to form powders, single-layered, or multiple-layered materials that are used as scaffolds for magnetically immobilized enzymes known as bionanocatalysts (BNCs). Designed objects are produced using 3D printing by sintering composite magnetic powders. In some embodiments, Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is used. The invention provides the use of the material compositions for 3D printing of enzyme supports and flow cells allowing continuous production of, e.g., small molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for reducing bacterial contamination or infection in plants, animals, fabrics, and products therefrom. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for reducing human infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In particular, the invention provides magnetic nanoparticles comprising bactericidal or bacteriostatic enzymes in one component, substrates for the enzymes in a second component, and a bactericidal chemical agent that works in combination or synergistically with the enzymes. The compositions are dormant and become active upon exposure to hydration, oxygen, or mixing.

Abstract: The present invention provides magnetic macroporous polymeric hybrid scaffolds for supporting and enhancing the effectiveness of bionanocatalysts (BNC). The novel scaffolds comprise cross-linked water-insoluble polymers and an approximately uniform distribution of embedded magnetic microparticles (MMP). The cross-linked polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and optionally additional polymeric materials. The scaffolds may take any shape by using a cast during preparation of the scaffolds. Alternatively, the scaffolds may be ground to microparticles for use in biocatalytic reactions. Alternatively, the scaffolds may be shaped as beads for use in biocatalyst reactions. Methods for preparing and using the scaffolds are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for producing magnetic bionanocatalysts (BNCs) comprising metabolically self-sufficient systems of enzymes that include P450 monooxygenases or other metabolic enzymes and cofactor regeneration enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for reducing microbial and nematodal contamination or infection in plants, animals, fabrics, and products therefrom. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for reducing human infections and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. In particular, the invention provides magnetic nanoparticles comprising biocidal or biostatic enzymes in one component, substrates for the enzymes in a second component, and a biocidal chemical agent that works in combination or synergistically with the enzymes. The compositions are dormant and become active upon exposure to hydration, oxygen, or mixing.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for reducing bacterial contamination or infection in plants, animals, fabrics, and products therefrom. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for reducing human infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In particular, the invention provides magnetic nanoparticles comprising bactericidal or bacteriostatic enzymes in one component, substrates for the enzymes in a second component, and a bactericidal chemical agent that works in combination or synergistically with the enzymes. The compositions are dormant and become active upon exposure to hydration, oxygen, or mixing.