Abstract: There is provided a scattering element comprising a vertically-oriented waveguide comprising one or more dielectric components configured to provide directional scattering of an incident electromagnetic wave in a pattern caused by one of interference between at least two guided components and interference between at least one guided component and at least one radiative component, the guided and radiative components excited by the incident electromagnetic wave. A grating device for transmission or reflection of incident electromagnetic waves in a desired direction, the grating device comprising an array of the scattering elements, is also provided.

Abstract: A device is provided. The device includes a first organic light emitting device, which further comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device also includes a first laser device, which further comprises an optical cavity and an organic lasing material disposed within the optical cavity. A focus mechanism is disposed to focus light emitted by the first organic light emitting device onto the first laser device. Preferably, the focus mechanism provides light incident on the first laser device at least 10 times greater, and more preferably at least 100 times greater, in intensity than the light emitted by the first organic light emitting device.

Abstract: An organic photosensitive device having an organic film with a desired crystalline order includes a first electrode layer and at least one structural templating layer disposed on the first electrode A photoactive region is disposed on the templating layer and includes a donor material and an acceptor material, wherein the donor or the acceptor is templated by the templating layer, and further wherein a majority of the molecules of the templated material are in a non-preferential orientation with respect to the first electrode An organic light emitting device incorporating such organic films includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, at least one structural templating layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a functional layer disposed over the templating layer A majority of the molecules of the functional layer are in a non-preferential orientation with respect to the layer below the templating layer

Abstract: A device is provided. The device includes a first organic light emitting device, which further comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device also includes a first laser device, which further comprises an optical cavity and an organic lasing material disposed within the optical cavity. A focus mechanism is disposed to focus light emitted by the first organic light emitting device onto the first laser device. Preferably, the focus mechanism provides light incident on the first laser device at least 10 times greater, and more preferably at least 100 times greater, in intensity than the light emitted by the first organic light emitting device.