Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions of epinephrine and its prodrugs are described, the prodrugs having a half-life of less than one minute, and the compositions having enhanced active component permeation properties are described.

Abstract: A system for identifying a size doubling number of a lesion, having: a ruler with a planar surface defining a data portion that includes data zones, including: a first zone defining first zone arcs distributed in a concentric configuration, the first zone arcs defining first mutually unique radii, ranging from a first minimum radius to a first maximum radius; the first zone includes first zone size markers, positioned adjacent ones of the first zone arcs, and the first zone size markers identify the size doubling number of the clinical lesion having a size corresponding to a respective one of the first zone arcs, the size doubling number representing one or more of volume, area and radius doubling of the lesion; a slider sliding along the ruler, a caliper that moves with the slider, and a smart device receiving data, from the caliper, indicative of a size of the clinical lesion.

Abstract: A transfer case and hydraulic clutch assembly for a motor vehicle driveline include a hydraulic fluid circuit in communication with a cavity disposed opposite a piston from a clutch pack for delivering pressurized fluid to the cavity for biasing the piston towards the clutch pack thereby activating the clutch. The transfer case and hydraulic clutch assembly also include a lubricant fluid circuit that is in communication with the chain that links the input sprocket to the output sprocket during use, as the chain rotates around the input sprocket and output sprocket, the lubricant fluid drips from or is sprayed from the chain. At least part of this released fluid is captured by a screen disposed above the hydraulic fluid reservoir. The screen removes any metal particles or debris and then passes the screen fluid into the hydraulic fluid reservoir thereby replenishing the hydraulic fluid reservoir without resorting to a time consuming and costly maintenance procedure.