Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming HFO-1234ze, and for forming compositions comprising HFO-1234ze, by (a) converting, preferably by dehydrofluorination, pentafluorpropane (HFC-245), preferably 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorpropane (HFC-245fa), preferably by contact with a caustic solution, to a reaction product comprising cis-HFO-1234ze and trans-HFO-1234ze; and (b) contacting at least a portion, preferably substantially portion, and in certain embodiments substantially all of said reaction product with at least one isomerization catalyst to convert at least a portion, and preferably at least a substantial portion, of cis-HFO-1234ze in said reaction product to trans-HFO-1234ze.

Abstract: An integrated process for the manufacture of HFO trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO trans-1234ze) by first catalytically dehydrofluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane to thereby produce a mixture of cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride. Then optionally recovering hydrogen fluoride, catalytically isomerizing cis-1234ze into trans-1234ze, and recovering trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotropic-like compositions of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) and 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (R-133a).

Abstract: A method for producing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene and/or 1,1,1,2,3 -pentafluoropropene using a single set of four unit operations, the unit operations being (1) hydrogenation of a starting material comprising hexafluoropropene and optionally recycled 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropene; (2) separation of the desired intermediate hydrofluoroalkane, such as 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane and/or 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane; (3) dehydrofluorination of the intermediate hydrofluoroalkane to produce the desired 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene and/or 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropene, followed by another separation to isolate the desired product and, optionally, recycle of the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropene.

Abstract: An integrated process for the manufacture of HFO trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO trans-1234ze) by first catalytically dehydrofluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane to thereby produce a mixture of cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride. Then optionally recovering hydrogen fluoride, catalytically isomerizing cis-1234ze into trans-1234ze, and recovering trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

Abstract: An integrated process for the manufacture of HFO trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO trans-1234ze) by first catalytically dehydrofluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane to thereby produce a mixture of cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride. Then optionally recovering hydrogen fluoride, catalytically isomerizing cis-1234ze into trans-1234ze, and recovering trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

Abstract: A method for the purification of pharmaceutical grade 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and polymer grade chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) by contacting a mixture containing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or chlorodifluoromethane and methyl chloride with a zeolite such as a molecular sieve, and recovering from said contacted mixture substantially purified 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or chlorodifluoromethane.

Abstract: A method and system for facilitating trading of financial instruments in a market are provided. The system comprises a server and an interface. The interface is configured to enable buy orders and sell orders to be entered. Each order has a price, a volume, and an entry time and relates to a respective futures contract. The server is configured to match received buy orders having a first price to received sell orders having the first price. The match is effected by ensuring that the prices match, and then using the volume and entry time for each buy order and each sell order to assign a volume weight and a time weight, and then using the volume weights and the time weights to determine each match. The server uses the matches to complete respective trades. The volume and time weights may be adjusted based on market conditions.

Abstract: An integrated process for the manufacture of HFO trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO trans-1234ze) by first catalytically dehydrofluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane to thereby produce a mixture of cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride. Then optionally recovering hydrogen fluoride, catalytically isomerizing cis-1234ze into trans-1234ze, and recovering trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotropic-like compositions of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) and 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (R-133a).

Abstract: A manufacturing process for making hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), by reacting a hydrochlorocarbon and HF in a liquid phase catalytic reactor using a large mole ratio of HF to hydrochlorocarbon to minimize formation of high boiling by-products and improve HF consumption and hydrofluorocarbon yields.

Abstract: A process for preparing a halo-olefin to minimize one or more side reactions which form at least one impurity, said process comprising contacting a halogenated hydrocarbon with a metal dehalogenating agent dissolved in a solvent under conditions sufficient to dehalogenate said halogenated hydrocarbon to produce a product stream comprising said halo-olefin and at least one impurity, said metal dehalogenating agent having an average particle size within a range of average particle sizes, said impurity concentration of said product stream being essentially constant within said range and increasing significantly below said range.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for forming multi-component refrigerant compositions comprising: (a) introducing a first refrigerant component into a vessel at a first flow rate; (b) introducing at least a second refrigerant component into said vessel at a second flow rate, which may be the same as or different than the first flow rate, during at least a portion of said first refrigerant introducing step; and (c) controlling at least one of said first and second flow rates to obtain the desired relative proportions of said first and second refrigerants in the refrigerant composition.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus useful in fluorinating organic compounds, or more particularly to a reactor system suitable for the fluorination of organic compounds on a commercial scale. The apparatus is also useful in chemical reactions including heating or cooling.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus useful in fluorinating organic compounds, or more particularly to a reactor system suitable for the fluorination of organic compounds on a commercial scale. The apparatus is also useful in chemical reactions including heating or cooling.

Abstract: A process for preparing a halo-olefin to minimize one or more side reactions which form at least one impurity, said process comprising contacting a halogenated hydrocarbon with a metal dehalogenating agent dissolved in a solvent under conditions sufficient to dehalogenate said halogenated hydrocarbon to produce a product stream comprising said halo-olefin and at least one impurity, said metal dehalogenating agent having an average particle size within a range of average particle sizes, said impurity concentration of said product stream being essentially constant within said range and increasing significantly below said range.

Abstract: A method for the purification of pharmaceutical grade 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and polymer grade chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) by contacting a mixture comprising 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or chlorodifluoromethane and methyl chloride with a zeolite such as a molecular sieve, and recovering from said contacted mixture substantially purified 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or chlorodifluoromethane.

Abstract: A manufacturing process for making hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), by reacting a hydrochlorocarbon and HF in a liquid phase catalytic reactor using a large mole ratio of HF to hydrochlorocarbon to minimize formation of high boiling by-products and improve HF consumption and hydrofluorocarbon yields.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus useful in fluorinating organic compounds, or more particularly to a reactor system suitable for the fluorination of organic compounds on a commercial scale. The apparatus is also useful in chemical reactions including heating or cooling.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorinated organic compound comprising: (a) reacting an organic starting material with a fluorination agent in the presence of a liquid fluorination catalyst under conditions which are effective to vaporize one or more chlorinated organic by-products and to produce a gaseous product stream containing said fluorinated organic compound and said one or more chlorinated organic by-products; and (b) recovering said fluorinated organic compound from said product stream, and a system for performing the aforementioned process and recovering the chlorinated by-product.