Abstract: Para-alkylated substituted diphenylamines are made by catalytically alkylating diphenylamine with a branched-chain alkene, such as propene, oligomer mixture in which the oligomer present in the greatest percentage has 15-24 carbon atoms. The alkylated diphenylamines are useful crankcase lubricant additives such as for reducing piston deposits and engine sludge.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly heavy duty diesel (HDD) engines, having reduced phosphorus, sulfur and sulfated ash contents that provide excellent piston cleanliness performance and contain an amount of phenate detergent that introduces a relatively large amount of phenate soap into the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions having a sulfated ash content of no more than 1.0 mass %, which contain a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of calcium salicylate detergent, an amount of a magnesium-based detergent providing at least 200 ppm of magnesium, and a basic, low molecular weight, nitrogen-containing dispersant, which compositions provide improved top ring wear protection in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions having a sulfated ash content of no more than 1.0 mass %, which contain a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of calcium salicylate detergent, an amount of a magnesium-based detergent providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 200 ppm of magnesium, an amount of a sulfur-containing molybdenum compound providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 20 ppm of molybdenum, and at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 0.9 mass % nitrogen, which compositions provide improved top ring wear protection in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Para-alkylated substituted diphenylamines are made by catalytically alkylating diphenylamine with a branched-chain alkene, such as propene, oligomer mixture in which the oligomer present in the greatest percentage has 15-24 carbon atoms. The alkylated diphenylamines are useful crankcase lubricant additives such as for reducing piston deposits and engine sludge.

Abstract: A method of identifying passive seismic events in seismic data that contains at least first seismic data traces acquired at a first seismic receiver and second seismic data traces acquired at a second receiver spatially separated from the first receiver comprises determining an overall measure of similarity for a pair of events in the seismic traces. The overall measure of similarity is indicative of similarity between the events acquired at the first seismic receiver and of similarity between the events acquired at the second seismic receiver. In one method, the overall measure of similarity is an overall cross-correlation coefficient. The overall cross-correlation coefficient is found by determining a first correlation coefficient for the pair of events from the data acquired at the first receiver and determining a second correlation coefficient for the pair of events from the data acquired at the second receiver.

Abstract: Para-alkylated diphenylamine antioxidants are made by catalytically alkylating diphenylamine with an alkylating agent in the form of a mixture of branched-chain oligomers of butene, the alkylating agent having an average molecular weight in the range of 140 to 300 and a methylvinylidene isomer content of no greater than 10%.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition including at least one sulphurized overbased metal phenate detergent prepared from a C9-C15 alkyl phenol, at least one sulphurizing agent, at least one metal and at least one overbasing agent. The detergent includes less than 6.0% by combined mass of unsulphurized C9-C15 alkyl phenol and its unsulphurized metal salt. The lubricating oil composition exhibits an improved rate of acid neutralization.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly heavy duty diesel (HDD) engines, having reduced phosphorus, sulfur and sulfated ash contents that provide excellent piston cleanliness performance and contain an amount of phenate detergent that introduces a relatively large amount of phenate soap into the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A method of identifying passive seismic events in seismic data that contains at least first seismic data traces acquired at a first seismic receiver and second seismic data traces acquired at a second receiver spatially separated from the first receiver comprises determining an overall measure of similarity for a pair of events in the seismic traces. The overall measure of similarity is indicative of similarity between the events acquired at the first seismic receiver and of similarity between the events acquired at the second seismic receiver. In one method, the overall measure of similarity is an overall cross-correlation coefficient. The overall cross-correlation coefficient is found by determining a first correlation coefficient for the pair of events from the data acquired at the first receiver and determining a second correlation coefficient for the pair of events from the data acquired at the second receiver.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions having a sulfated ash content of no more than 1.0 mass %, which contain a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of calcium salicylate detergent, an amount of a magnesium-based detergent providing at least 200 ppm of magnesium, and a basic, low molecular weight, nitrogen-containing dispersant, which compositions provide improved top ring wear protection in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions having a sulfated ash content of no more than 1.0 mass %, which contain a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of calcium salicylate detergent, an amount of a magnesium-based detergent providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 200 ppm of magnesium, an amount of a sulfur-containing molybdenum compound providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 20 ppm of molybdenum, and at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 0.9 mass % nitrogen, which compositions provide improved top ring wear protection in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A crankcase lubricating oil composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity, in a major amount, and, in respective minor amounts, a boron-containing additive and one or more co-additives, wherein the lubricating oil composition has greater than 200 ppm by mass of boron, less than 600 ppm by mass of phosphorus and less than 4000 ppm by mass of sulfur, based on the mass of the oil composition. Such compositions demonstrate provide improved wear performance.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition having a total base number of at least about 8, comprising a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity; an amount of one or more dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt introducing into the lubricating oil composition no more than 0.06 wt. % of phosphorus; at least 1.2 wt. % of hindered phenol antioxidant; and boron, and/or a boron-containing compound or compounds in an amount providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 200 ppm by weight of boron, all weight percentages being based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: The use, in a minor amount, of a detergent composition comprising one or more metal detergents which comprises metal salts of organic acids, wherein the detergent composition comprises more than 50 mole %, based on the moles of the metal salts of organic acids in the detergent composition, of:

Abstract: The use, in a minor amount, of a detergent composition comprising one or more metal detergents which comprises metal salts of organic acids, wherein the detergent composition comprises more than 50 mole %, based on the moles of the metal salts of organic acids in the detergent composition, of: (I) a metal salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid, or (II) a metal salt of a phenol, or (III) both a metal salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid and a metal salt of a phenol, in a lubricating oil composition for improving the oxidation resistance of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the amount of phosphorus and sulfur in the oil composition is less than 0.09 mass % and at most 0.5 mass % respectively, based on the mass of the oil composition. It has also been found that a detergent composition comprising more than 50 mole % of a metal salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid improves the reduction in wear in an engine.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for use in an internal combustion engine operated with a fuel having a sulphur content of less than 50 ppm, that contains a minor amount of at least one metal-containing detergent, which lubricating oil composition, when formulated for use in a diesel engine has a total ash content of less than 1.0 wt. %, and when formulated for use in a gasoline engine has a total ash content of less than 0.7 wt. %.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition having a total base number of at least about 8, comprising a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity; an amount of one or more dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt introducing into the lubricating oil composition no more than 0.06 wt. % of phosphorus; at least 1.2 wt. % of hindered phenol antioxidant; and boron, and/or a boron-containing compound or compounds in an amount providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 200 ppm by weight of boron, all weight percentages being based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A crankcase lubricating oil composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity, in a major amount, and, in respective minor amounts, a boron-containing additive and one or more co-additives, wherein the lubricating oil composition has greater than 200 ppm by mass of boron, less than 600 ppm by mass of phosphorus and less than 4000 ppm by mass of sulfur, based on the mass of the oil composition. Such compositions demonstrate provide improved wear performance.

Abstract: The use of an effective amount of one or more compounds capable of reducing friction coefficients under mixed lubrication or boundary lubrication conditions in a heavy duty diesel engine lubricating oil composition for improving the fuel economy of a heavy duty diesel engine.