Abstract: A metal strip casing system is provided with an electromagnetic pump which includes a pair of primary blocks having a graded pole pitch, polyphase ac winding and being arranged on opposite sides of a movable heat sink. A nozzle is provided for depositing liquid metal on the heat sink such that the resulting metal strip and heat sink combination is subjected to a longitudinal electromagnetic field which increases in wavelength in the direction of travel of the heat sink, thereby subjecting the metal and heat sink to a longitudinal force having a magnitude which increases in the direction of travel.

Abstract: An arrangement to provide variation of the speed or other operating parameters of an electrical machine without connection to the rotor. The machine is of the induction type having a winding in separate parts to create a flux movable in the air-gap different speeds by the alteration of current in a part of the winding. In one example the current is altered by a variable impedance connected to one winding part, the other part being connected to an electrical supply.Another example, FIG. 6, shows two machines (NM.sub.1, NM.sub.2) arranged to drive a rail vehicle through smooth rail wheels attached to the machine rotor axles. A single, variable-frequency, inverter (NI) drives both machines and is connected to part (MP) of each machine winding. Other parts (AP) of each machine winding are connected together by a link (NC). In operation power (real or reactive) is transferred between the machines along the link to equalize the torque of the machines.

Abstract: A pole phase modulated rotary electric machine is provided with a uniformly slotted stator structure and a main stator winding which spans the entire stator periphery. A control stator winding is wound in selected slots of the stator structure and the average phase change between adjacent slots of the stator structure is controlled by controlling the phase angle of current supplied to the control winding using a rotary magnetic induction phase shifter, an isolated variable reactance load, or a switching arrangement which varies the current amplitude and magnetic field axis of the controlled winding. Pole phase modulation provides a continuously variable magnetic speed control of induction type electrical machines operating at a fixed power frequency.

Abstract: A pole amplitude modulated electric machine is operated at continuously variable speeds between fixed limits by a control circuit which rapidly switches the stator winding between the upper and lower pole number configurations. The switching is controlled such that the stator winding remains in each configuration for a time which exceeds the cycle time of an external power source but is less than the combined magnetization-rotor loop time constant of the machine. Phase control of the switching can be used to control speed in the vicinity of the fixed limits. In all cases, the input power frequency remains constant.