Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for varying the volume of an engine intake system to increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine. In one example, a resonance system may be coupled to the engine intake system and a position of a movable element in the resonance system may be varied to vary the volume of the chamber in accordance with engine speed. The intake system provides improved volumetric efficiency for the engine.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for varying the volume of an engine intake system to increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine. In one example, a resonance system may be coupled to the engine intake system and a position of a movable element in the resonance system may be varied to vary the volume of the chamber in accordance with engine speed. The intake system provides improved volumetric efficiency for the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for an engine is provided. The system comprises an exhaust duct configured to receive and exhaust gases from the engine; an exhaust gas recirculation duct configured to recirculate a portion of the exhaust gases within the exhaust duct to the intake of the engine; and at least one recirculation treatment device provided in the exhaust gas recirculation duct, wherein the recirculation treatment device comprises a catalyst configured to encourage removal of contaminants from the recirculated exhaust gases.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for an engine is provided. The system comprises an exhaust duct configured to receive and exhaust gases from the engine; an exhaust gas recirculation duct configured to recirculate a portion of the exhaust gases within the exhaust duct to the intake of the engine; and at least one recirculation treatment device provided in the exhaust gas recirculation duct, wherein the recirculation treatment device comprises a catalyst configured to encourage removal of contaminants from the recirculated exhaust gases.

Abstract: A method of operating a diesel engine 10 having LNT 11 and SCR 13 aftertreatment devices arranged in series to receive exhaust gas from the engine is disclosed in which the engine is operated in a rich early injection mode to generate ammonia in the LNT for storage in the SCR located downstream from the LNT. This reduces the amount of soot produced permitting longer operation of the engine in rich early injection mode and further may reduce the use of PGM material in the LNT and increase the amount of ammonia for use in the SCR.

Abstract: A method of operating a diesel engine 10 having LNT 11 and SCR 13 aftertreatment devices arranged in series to receive exhaust gas from the engine is disclosed in which the engine is operated in a rich early injection mode to generate ammonia in the LNT for storage in the SCR located downstream from the LNT. This reduces the amount of soot produced permitting longer operation of the engine in rich early injection mode and further may reduce the use of PGM material in the LNT and increase the amount of ammonia for use in the SCR.

Abstract: A method for rapid design, development, deployment and support of web applications based on web services with minimum customized programming, maximized reuse of software components and compliance with standard development frameworks. The method of the invention systematically addresses the problems that are consistently encountered by web application developers by providing a generic platform that solves these problems. The invention enables developers to deliver web functionality without requiring them to understand the many technicalities of developing functionality for a distributed internet based architecture, and uses best practices to produce encapsulated, tested, quality oriented, applications based on web services.