Abstract: Apparatus and methods for isolating and absorbing energy associated with shock forces that are exerted upon an object, such as the energy attendant to shock forces experienced during and immediately following a mild to severe impact. The apparatus generally having: (a) a housing defining an enclosure; (b) at least one segment of non-liquid material contained within the enclosure; and (c) a piston placed within the enclosure. When the shock or impact force is applied to either the piston or housing, the piston urges the non-liquid material to pass or extrude through an aperture, orifice, channel or slot located either within the piston or the housing. The non-liquid material passes or extrudes through the aperture, orifice, channel or slot in a direction that is generally transverse to the relative movement of the piston within the enclosure.

Abstract: Elaboration on the merits of an improved gear family known as Bearing Tooth Gears. The rotative contact of meshing Bearing Teeth in a Bearing Tooth Gear set, allows for an increase in candidate materials, used in the construction of these gears and allows for improved structural designs of the Bearing Tooth assemblies and gear housings. In addition, prefer positioning of support bearings is also conveyed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for transmitting rotative forces through a series of meshed gears, comprising a gear system or assembly having at least one gear with a plurality of non-traditional, non-conventional configured teeth that serve as rotatable bearings that contact and engage corresponding teeth of an adjacent gear.