Abstract: A processed biogas composition made with an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in processed biogas having an energy density of at least 700 BTU/cubic ft (26 MJ/cubic meter), a carbon monoxide concentration of less than 20 vol %, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 15 vol %.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing adhesion between at least two surfaces, preferably of at least two different materials, using a powdered surface preparation composition.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a transparent substrate having an information-bearing surface, a specularly reflective layer on the information-bearing surface, and a protective layer covering the other side of the reflective layer has been improved by using a new type of protective layer which comprises a polymeric network containing phosphoric acid moieties. Examples of the compounds which are cured into the protective layer in order to obtain better adhesion to aluminum protective layers are: 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate, and the phosphonate ester triacrylate having the formula ##STR1## wherein m may be 1-5. These phosphorous-containing organic compounds are radiation curable, and they are mixed with other radiation curable polymers to form the protective layer which is preferably radiation cured. Phosphorous atoms account for between about 0.05 and 0.5 weight-percent of the polymeric network within the protective layer.

Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of phosphinate salts or bis(alkyl) phosphinate salts by the reaction of an olefinic material with a hypophosphite salt by means of irradiation with UV light in the presence of a photoinitiator is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of alkali metal phosphinate salts by the reaction of an olefinic material with an alkali metal hypophosphite in the presence of a free radical source is disclosed.

Abstract: A class of substituted urethane acrylates and methacrylates having an aliphatic backbone is provided, the members of the class having at least one ether or polyether group with at least one pendent fluorinated organic group attached thereto. The novel compositions may be radiation polymerized, e.g., by electron beam, actinic light or heat, to a light transmissive material which is well suited to optical application, such as coupling optical fibers and light emitting diodes so as to transmit light therebetween.