Abstract: A method of reacting a first compound to produce a second compound includes the step of contacting a first non-fluorous phase including the first compound with a first fluorous phase at a first phase interface. The first compound distributes between the first fluorous phase and the first non-fluorous phase. The method further includes the steps of contacting the first fluorous phase with a second non-fluorous phase at a second phase interface and including at least a third compound in the second non-fluorous phase that reacts with the first compound to produce the second compound. The second compound has a distribution coefficient less than the first compound. This method can, for example be used to separate the second compound from unreacted first compound wherein, for example, the first compound is of a fluorous nature and distributes more readily into (or transports more quickly through) the fluorous phase than does the second compound.

Abstract: A method of reacting a first compound to produce a second compound includes the step of contacting a first non-fluorous phase including the first compound with a first fluorous phase at a first phase interface. The first compound distributes between the first fluorous phase and the first non-fluorous phase. The method further includes the steps of contacting the first fluorous phase with a second non-fluorous phase at a second phase interface and including at least a third compound in the second non-fluorous phase that reacts with the first compound to produce the second compound. The second compound has a distribution coefficient less than the first compound. This method can, for example be used to separate the second compound from unreacted first compound wherein, for example, the first compound is of a fluorous nature and distributes more readily into (or transports more quickly through) the fluorous phase than does the second compound.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing an enzyme spot test without traditional instrumentation is disclosed. The method utilizes various reagents to allow the visual determination of the presence of an enzyme in a sample above a predetermined critical level. The enzyme reacts with the reagents producing a product according to a reaction which is timed by a chemical fuse. At the end of the reaction, a colored by-product is visible, the color intensity indicating that the enzyme occurs in the sample in quantities above the critical level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the determination of trace amounts of chemicals in a system, as for example the immunoassay determination of hormones, peptides and drugs in biological fluids, applies photoelectrochemistry to the field of immunoassay. The apparatus and method comprise a photoelectrochemically active molecule as a label in an immunoassay system of labeled analyte, antibody sensitive to analyte, quencher and an electrochemical flow cell with light means. The photoelectrochemically active molecule upon photoexcitation transfers an electron to a quencher molecule; the oxidized molecule is subsequently reduced with an electron from an electrode of the flow cell which is held at suitable potential. This electron is measured as photocurrent.