Abstract: An apparatus for electroplating a metal on a semiconductor substrate with high control over plated thickness on a die-level includes an ionically resistive ionically permeable element (e.g., a plate with channels), where the element allows for flow of ionic current through the element towards the substrate during electroplating, where the element includes a plurality of regions, each region having a pattern of varied local resistance, and where the pattern of varied local resistance repeats in at least two regions. An electroplating method includes providing a semiconductor substrate to an electroplating apparatus having an ionically resistive ionically permeable element or a grid-like shield having a pattern correlating with a pattern of features on the substrate, and plating metal, while the pattern on the substrate remains spatially aligned with the pattern of the element or the grid-like shield for at least a portion of the total electroplating time.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes providing a signal to a driver for a switching voltage regulator to turn off a high-side field effect transistor (FET) of the switching voltage regulator. The method also includes reducing a voltage at a source of the high-side FET. The method includes responsive to the signal, turning off a pull-down FET coupled to a gate of the high-side FET. The method also includes commutating current from the high-side FET to a low-side FET.

Abstract: A device for averaging a sensed current includes a sampling circuit that samples at least two sampling points of each cycle of a front-end alternating current (AC) sensed signal. The two sampling points is substantially symmetrical with respect to a midpoint of each respective cycle of the front-end AC sensed signal. The device also includes a timing circuit that controls a timing of the sampling circuit to sample the front-end AC sensed signal on the at least two sampling points based on a timing signal generated by the timing circuit. The device further includes an averaging circuit that averages the two sampling points for a given cycle of the front-end AC sensed signal to produce an average sensed current.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to systems, methods, and computer program products for automating data validation. The system is configured to receive the initial data set in the first data structure from a network of distributed servers; transform the initial data set into an expected data set having the second data structure using a first mapping logic; use the expected data set to validate a converted data set that was generated by converting the initial data set into the second data structure using a second mapping logic; and transmit control signals configured to cause a user device associated with the user to receive a notification indicating that the match is within the pre-determined tolerance level.

Abstract: A device for averaging a sensed current includes a sampling circuit that samples at least two sampling points of each cycle of a front-end alternating current (AC) sensed signal. The two sampling points is substantially symmetrical with respect to a midpoint of each respective cycle of the front-end AC sensed signal. The device also includes a timing circuit that controls a timing of the sampling circuit to sample the front-end AC sensed signal on the at least two sampling points based on a timing signal generated by the timing circuit. The device further includes an averaging circuit that averages the two sampling points for a given cycle of the front-end AC sensed signal to produce an average sensed current.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having at least one electrically-controlled control loop that includes one or more loop error amplifiers also includes an analog-to-digital converter having both an input that operably couples to two inputs of each loop error amplifier and an output that couples to an off-chip hardware component comprising a control circuit. This control circuit reads digital versions that correspond to the loop error amplifier inputs. When a particular first input is greater than a second input, the control circuit sources a calibration signal to modify and offset for the loop error amplifier in a first direction. When the first input is less than the second input, the control circuit sources a calibration signal to modify the offset for the loop error amplifier in a second direction that is different from the aforementioned first direction. By one approach the control circuit also controls a sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to systems, methods, and computer program products for automating data validation. The system is configured to receive the initial data set in the first data structure from a network of distributed servers; transform the initial data set into an expected data set having the second data structure using a first mapping logic; use the expected data set to validate a converted data set that was generated by converting the initial data set into the second data structure using a second mapping logic; and transmit control signals configured to cause a user device associated with the user to receive a notification indicating that the match is within the pre-determined tolerance level.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for treating contaminants in material intended for in vivo use, and in particular blood and blood products for human use. Compositions of synthetic media are described which optimize conditions for inactivation of contaminants in blood cell preparations, using 8-methoxypsoralen, prior to long term storage and transfusion.

Abstract: New psoralen compounds have been synthesized. The compounds all include the addition of substituent groups at the 4' position on the basic trioxsalen structure. Specifically, the compounds have the structure: ##STR1## wherein X may be any desired substituent such as halogenated alkyls, alcohols, ethers, aminoalkyls, etc. The new substituted psoralens exhibit high solubility in aqueous solution and low dissociation constants from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), as well as a reactivity with ribonucleic acids (RNA). The psoralen-DNA and psoralen-RNA adducts are useful as a substrate for studying the secondary structures of nucleic acids.

Abstract: New psoralen compounds have been synthesized. The compounds all include the addition of substituent groups at the 4'-position on the basic trioxsalen structure. Specifically, the compounds have the structure ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## where R is a mono or dicyclic radical which can contain one additional hetero atom in the nitrogen containing ring.The new substituted psoralens exhibit high solubility in aqueous solution and low dissociation constants from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), as well as a reactivity with ribonucleic acids (RNA).

Abstract: New psoralen compounds have been synthesized. The compounds all include the addition of substituent groups at the 4' position on the basic trioxsalen structure. Specifically, the compounds have the structure: ##STR1## wherein X may be any desired substituent such as halogenated alkyls, alcohols, ethers, aminoalkyls, etc. The new substituted psoralens exhibit high solubility in aqueous solution and low dissociation constants from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), as well as a reactivity with ribonucleic acids (RNA). Such psoralen compounds find use in the study of secondary structures of nucleic acids; as inhibitors of RNA replication; in the inactivation of viruses; and in the photo chemotherapy of psoriasis.