Abstract: When a candidate node (104) wishes to join a network (100), network access is either allowed or denied based on the candidate node's physical location. More particularly, a plurality of nodes associated with the network aide in locating the candidate node. Once located, a decision is made to either allow or deny network access based on the candidate node's physical location.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for use in a personal area network synthesizer includes a delay cell (100), a first current amplifier (201, 203) for amplifying an input current, a resister capacitor (RC) tuning network (207, 209, 211) for varying the amount of amplification and delay of an output of the first current amplifier. A second current amplifier (213, 215) is then used for amplifying an output current from the RC tuning network. The invention includes a unique composite voltage variable capacitor (CVVC) (300) for precisely tuning the amount of delay presented by the delay cell. The unique topology of the delay cell (100) allows it to be readily used in voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) operable at frequencies above 1 GHz.