Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus may include a light source, a beam manipulator, an optical component, an analyzer, and a detector. The light source may generate an incident light at a first frequency. The beam manipulator may include one or more polyhedron-shaped prisms that may deflect the incident light for focus at a plurality of points on a sample. The optical component may collect the deflected incident light, focus the collected deflected incident light at the plurality of points on the sample, and collect scattered light from the sample. The scattered light may include elastic scattered light and/or inelastic scattered light. The inelastic scattered light may have a second frequency that is shifted up or down from the first frequency. The detector may detect the inelastic scattered light and the analyzer may identify a substance contained in the sample based on the detected inelastic scattered light.

Abstract: A device and method for evaluating reliability of a semiconductor chip structure built by a manufacturing process includes a test structure built in accordance with a manufacturing process. The test structure is thermal cycled and the yield of the test structure is measured. The reliability of the semiconductor chip structure built by the manufacturing process is evaluated based on the yield performance before the thermal cycling.

Abstract: A side-looking optical probe for a Raman spectroscopy system is provided. The probe includes: a base for mounting the probe to an optical assembly of the system; and a prism mounted to the base, the prism configured for receiving signal light from a sample and providing the signal light to the system. A method of fabrication and a spectrometer are provided.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus may include a light source, a beam manipulator, an optical component, an analyzer, and a detector. The light source may generate an incident light at a first frequency. The beam manipulator may include one or more polyhedron-shaped prisms that may deflect the incident light for focus at a plurality of points on a sample. The optical component may collect the deflected incident light, focus the collected deflected incident light at the plurality of points on the sample, and collect scattered light from the sample. The scattered light may include elastic scattered light and/or inelastic scattered light. The inelastic scattered light may have a second frequency that is shifted up or down from the first frequency. The detector may detect the inelastic scattered light and the analyzer may identify a substance contained in the sample based on the detected inelastic scattered light.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed include: a support apparatus configured to detachably receive a chip; movable pins extendible from a first position to a second position, where, in the first position, the movable pins do not contact a chip positioned on the support apparatus, and in the second position, the movable pins contact electrical terminals of a heating element within a chip positioned on the support apparatus; a radiation source configured to direct radiation to be incident on a chip positioned on the support apparatus; a detector; and an electronic processor, the electronic processor being configured to detect molecules in a sample positioned within the chip, and to determine a temperature of the chip by measuring an electrical resistance between two of the multiple pins connected to the electrical terminals.

Abstract: We disclose an apparatus comprising: a hand-portable optical analysis unit including an optical interface; and a device configured to receive and releasably engage the hand-portable optical analysis unit. The device comprises: a housing; a sample unit in the housing; and a resilient member configured to bias the sample unit and the hand-portable analysis unit towards each other when the hand-portable optical analysis unit is received in the device to compress a sample disposed between the sample unit and the optical interface of the optical analysis unit. Methods of analyzing samples are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid wireless communication system and a communication method in the system. The system supports time and frequency division duplexing modes and includes a base station having a cellular communication range based on a cellular mode and mobile stations within the cellular communication range. The base station divides each available frequency resource into frames for communication, and each frame switches between a real-time service mode and a non-real-time service mode at a switching time within the frame. Communication is performed with the mobile stations within the cellular communication range via at least one of an uplink and a downlink in the real-time service mode of each frame according to the frequency division duplexing mode. Communication is performed with the mobile stations via the uplink and the downlink in the non-real-time service mode of each frame according to an ad hoc mode based on the time division duplexing mode.

Abstract: A spatial modulation method and transmitting and receiving apparatuses using the spatial modulation method in a MIMO system are provided. The spatial modulation method uses an index of an activated antenna and a signal modulation constellation as an information source. The spatial modulation method is applied to the transmitting apparatus. The receiving apparatus uses a spatial modulation detection method in which a channel path gain is repeatedly multiplied to detect the spatially modulated signal efficiently.

Abstract: We disclose an apparatus comprising: a hand-portable optical analysis unit including an optical interface; and a device configured to receive and releasably engage the hand-portable optical analysis unit. The device comprises: a housing; a sample unit in the housing; and a resilient member configured to bias the sample unit and the hand-portable analysis unit towards each other when the hand-portable optical analysis unit is received in the device to compress a sample disposed between the sample unit and the optical interface of the optical analysis unit. Methods of analyzing samples are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed include: a support apparatus configured to detachably receive a chip; movable pins extendible from a first position to a second position, where, in the first position, the movable pins do not contact a chip positioned on the support apparatus, and in the second position, the movable pins contact electrical terminals of a heating element within a chip positioned on the support apparatus; a radiation source configured to direct radiation to be incident on a chip positioned on the support apparatus; a detector; and an electronic processor, the electronic processor being configured to detect molecules in a sample positioned within the chip, and to determine a temperature of the chip by measuring an electrical resistance between two of the multiple pins connected to the electrical terminals.

Abstract: A cellular communication system and method supporting both a time division duplexing (TDD) scheme and a frequency division duplexing (FDD) scheme. The apparatus includes a plurality of mobile stations, at least three first fixed stations communicate with the mobile station based on the FDD scheme, the first fixed station defining respective macro cells that are contiguous and form a virtual cell, and a cluster including at least one second fixed station communicating with the mobile stations based on the TDD scheme, the second fixed station defining a micro cell in the virtual cell.

Abstract: A method and system for acquiring seismic data while conducting drill string operations in a wellbore. The seismic receiver combination set comprises a combination of orthogonal geophones and accelerometers, and an array of hydrophones.

Abstract: In a mobile ad hoc network, a method of routing data and a mobile unit for use according to the method are arranged to find the relay capacity of a node and the lifetime of the node, and thereby determine whether the node can relay the data. The method and unit can find the relay efficiency of nodes and this information is used to route data traffic efficiently through a number of nodes along a route.

Abstract: We disclose an apparatus comprising: a hand-portable optical analysis unit including an optical interface; and a device configured to receive and releasably engage the hand-portable optical analysis unit. The device comprises: a housing; a sample unit in the housing; and a resilient member configured to bias the sample unit and the hand-portable analysis unit towards each other when the hand-portable optical analysis unit is received in the device to compress a sample disposed between the sample unit and the optical interface of the optical analysis unit. Methods of analyzing samples are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device and method for evaluating reliability of a semiconductor chip structure built by a manufacturing process includes a test structure built in accordance with a manufacturing process. The test structure is thermal cycled and the yield of the test structure is measured. The reliability of the semiconductor chip structure built by the manufacturing process is evaluated based on the yield performance before the thermal cycling.

Abstract: A device and method for evaluating reliability of a semiconductor chip structure built by a manufacturing process includes a test structure built in accordance with a manufacturing process. The test structure is thermal cycled and the yield of the test structure is measured. The reliability of the semiconductor chip structure built by the manufacturing process is evaluated based on the yield performance before the thermal cycling.

Abstract: A method and system for acquiring seismic data while conducting drill string operations in a wellbore. The seismic receiver combination set comprises a combination of orthogonal geophones and accelerometers, and an array of hydrophones.