Abstract: A lubricant composition for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine comprises: (i) an amine as an ashless fuel additive having a total base number (“TBN”) of from about 275 to about 600 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896; and (ii) a detergent selected from metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, carboxylates, thiophosphonates, and combinations thereof. The lubricant composition has a TBN of from about 20 to about 130 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896. The amine contributes greater than about 30% of the TBN of the lubricant composition. Further, a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricant composition comprises the steps of injecting a fuel and the lubricant composition into a cylinder to form a mixture, and combusting the mixture via compression-ignition.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine comprises: (i) an amine as an ashless fuel additive having a total base number (“TBN”) of from about 200 to about 600 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896; and (ii) a detergent selected from metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, carboxylates, thiophosphonates, and combinations thereof. The lubricant composition has a TBN of from about 20 to about 130 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896, The amine contributes greater than about 30% of the TBN of the lubricant composition. Further, a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricant composition comprises the steps of injecting a fuel and the lubricant composition into a cylinder to form a mixture, and combusting the mixture via compression-ignition.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine comprises: (i) an amine as an ashless fuel additive having a total base number (“TBN”) of from about 275 to about 600 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896; and (ii) a detergent selected from metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, carboxylates, thiophosphonates, and combinations thereof. The lubricant composition has a TBN of from about 20 to about 130 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896. The amine contributes greater than about 30% of the TBN of the lubricant composition. Further, a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricant composition comprises the steps of injecting a fuel and the lubricant composition into a cylinder to form a mixture, and combusting the mixture via compression-ignition.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for generator excitation during a fault condition. A low spool generator is coupled to a low spool shaft. A high spool generator is coupled to a high spool shaft. When a fault occurs, the low spool generator provides excitation current to coils of the high spool generator such that a magnetic field is produced in the coils.

Abstract: An electrical power generation system includes a power source (102) and power conversion electronics (104) coupled to the power source to rectify phased currents received from the power source and maintain a power conversion voltage used to provide excitation to the power source. The system also includes a power conditioner (108) coupled between the power conversion electronics and a load (108), the power conditioner operating as a filter in a normal operational mode and as a buck converter in an abnormal operational mode.

Abstract: A power extraction system for a gas turbine engine comprises a low spool generator, a high spool generator and a power controller. The low spool generator extracts power from a low spool of the gas turbine engine, and the high spool generator extracts power from a high spool of the gas turbine engine. The power controller receives power extracted by the low spool generator and the high spool generator and distributes the received power to provide an uninterrupted steady state power supply and a transient power supply larger than what is available individually from the low and high spool generators. In another embodiment of the invention, the power extraction system includes an engine controller that operates in conjunction with the power controller to increase inertia energy of the low spool and high spool to increase electric power supply, while engine excursion is reduced and consistent engine thrust is maintained.

Abstract: A deoxygenator includes a plurality of permeable membranes spirally wound about an exhaust tube for removing dissolved oxygen from a hydrocarbon fuel. The permeable membrane is spirally wrapped about the exhaust tube and defines fuel passages and exhaust passages. The fuel passages and exhaust passages alternate such that each fuel passage is bounded on each adjacent side by an exhaust passage. An oxygen partial pressure differential is generated across the permeable membrane to draw dissolved oxygen from fuel in the fuel passage. The dissolved oxygen is then communicated through openings about the circumference of the exhaust tube and out the deoxygenator.

Abstract: An isolation strut and strut support system for supporting a load and capable of operating in a first mode and a second mode comprising an air suspension spring connected to a load bearing shaft; a hydraulic damping element having a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a piston connected to the load bearing shaft. A hydraulic line has a valve therein, one end of the hydraulic line connected to the first chamber and the other end of the hydraulic line connected to the second chamber. A vibration detector is coupled to the valve for actuating the valve upon the occurrence of vibration of an abnormal quality; whereby, in a first mode of operation the load is rigidly attached to the ground via a load path through the hydraulic damping element and in a second mode the load is isolated by the air suspension spring and damped by the hydraulic damping element.

Abstract: An isolation strut and strut support system for supporting a load and capable of operating in a first mode and a second mode comprising an air suspension spring connected to a load bearing shaft; a hydraulic damping element having a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a piston connected to the load bearing shaft. A hydraulic line has a valve therein, one end of the hydraulic line connected to the first chamber and the other end of the hydraulic line connected to the second chamber. A vibration detector is coupled to the valve for actuating the valve upon the occurrence of vibration of an abnormal quality; whereby, in a first mode of operation the load is rigidly attached to the ground via a load path through the hydraulic damping element and in a second mode the load is isolated by the air suspension spring and damped by the hydraulic damping element.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting an operating condition of a machine synchronizes sampling instants with the machine condition so that high reliability data are obtained. More particularly, an indication of the operating condition of a rotor of the machine is developed at each sampling instant. The operating condition may be, for example, the position of the rotor, in which case estimates of the rotor position and rotor velocity at each of the sampling instants are developed. Sampling signals are then derived from the rotor position and velocity estimates to synchronize the sampling instants to the rotor position.

Abstract: An electric power starter/generator system for converting electrical energy from a remote dc electrical power source coupled to a dc distribution bus to mechanical energy to start a turbine engine in a start mode, and for converting mechanical energy from the turbine engine to electrical energy to power utilization equipment connected to the dc bus in a generate mode, comprises a switched reluctance machine, an inverter having a dc input/output coupled to the dc distribution bus, and at least a first and a second switch coupling each of the machine's phase windings to the dc bus, and at least a first and a second diode for cross-cupling each of said phase windings to the dc bus, and a controller coupled to the inverter for monitoring and controlling system performance during the start mode and the generate mode of system operation.

Abstract: A sensorless control for operating an inverter coupled to a switched reluctance machine includes an instantaneous position generation circuit that develops a signal for controlling commutation of the switched reluctance machine. The instantaneous position generation circuit includes a digitally controlled counter which provides a direct interface between a position estimation circuit and commutation logic for the inverter.

Abstract: A control for operating an inverter coupled to a switched reluctance machine includes a relative angle estimation circuit for estimating rotor angle for a phase in the switched reluctance machine. The relative angle estimation circuit estimates a phase voltage and thereby calculates phase flux linkage to estimate the rotor angle.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating rotor position of a rotating machine having an even number of phase windings selects first and second phase position estimates developed in response to pulses applied to phase windings having associated phase profiles that are displaced at other than 180 electrical degrees and determines a rotor position estimate from the first and second phase position estimates.

Abstract: A power converter having fault tolerant capability for use with a switched relucance machine isolates power converter legs in the event of a failed component coupled to the DC bus of the power converter.

Abstract: An estimator initialization circuit for a sensorless switched reluctance machine system pulses phase windings of the machine a certain number of times and derives initial values for an estimator of the system.

Abstract: The deaerator includes a chamber that includes vortex generators that centrifuge the oil/air to separate the components and the chamber may operate in all attitudes. In addition wake separators mounted in the inlet of the chamber remove a large percentage of the air from the oil prior to entering the chamber and reintroduce the separated air component in the air removal tube. A dam in the air removal tube is located downstream of the inlet of the wake separated air to assure no oil is extracted from the air tube leaving the chamber. The wake separator consists of one or more tubes extending transversely to the flow of the oil/air stream and the air is removed through rearwardly facing apertures formed in the tube(s).

Abstract: A deoiler for a jet engine which separates oil droplets from an air/oil mixture in three stages, the first stage employing external radial extending vanes having a curved inducer, the second stage employing vanes which are laid over in the direction of rotation of the deoiler, the windows through which the air/oil mixture flows from the second stage to the third stage being contoured to provide a maximum path for oil droplets to the second stage bleed holes.

Abstract: A modular merchandise wall display system having decorative slats is provided that may be easily changed without dismantling a display arrangement of hooks or shelves. The decorative slats are supported by guide members which are inserted into longitudinal channels provided in the backing plate of the wall display system. The weight of the displayed goods is transferred from the display brackets through the guide members and channels to the wall supporting frame. The backing plate can be fabricated at low cost and of relatively light weight material because the weight of the goods is transferred to the load bearing wall studs or supports rather than to the backing plate. A variety of display brackets is provided such that the weight of the display goods can be supported by either one or two guide members.

Abstract: A measuring system (40) for measuring a magnitude of a quantity in accordance with the invention includes a light source (52) for providing a light beam (58); a polarization controller (44), optically coupled to the light beam, for rotating a plane of polarization of the light beam through an angle in response to a control signal, which is proportional to the magnitude of the quantity being measured to provide a first rotated polarized beam of light; a sensor (46), coupled optically to the first rotated polarized beam of light and to the quantity being measured, which rotates the plane of polarization of the first rotated polarized beam through an angle proportional to the quantity being measured to provide a second rotated polarized beam of light; an analyzer (42), coupled optically to the second rotated polarized beam of light, having a constant plane of polarization for detecting the second rotated polarized beam of light produced by the quantity being measured; and a feedback and output circuit, coupled t