Abstract: An aerodynamic vehicle includes an aerodynamic heat exchanger formed as one or more body panels disposed along an outer surface of the vehicle having one or more fluidic chambers or micro-channels. The aerodynamic heat exchanger is adapted to provide effective and highly efficient heat transfer, and also to provide substantially reduced or negligible contribution to the aerodynamic drag. The aerodynamic heat exchanger may provide adequate heat rejection capacity throughout vehicle operating conditions that advantageously results in increased fuel economy and overall vehicle performance.

Abstract: A thermal management system for an electric vehicle having a drivetrain flow path coupling one or more motors and one or more inverters to an aerodynamic heat exchanger comprising one or more body panels disposed along an outer surface of the vehicle, the aerodynamic heat exchanger having one or more fluidic chambers or micro-channels. The drive flow path is decoupled from the vehicle's chiller and/or refrigeration cycle under all operating conditions. The drivetrain may be further characterized by the one or more motors being disposed proximate one or more wheels of the vehicle, such as within the wheel skirt or cowling, to capitalize on passive or free cooling via ambient airflow about the wheel. The thermal management system may further include a refrigeration cycle wherein the cabin and the battery pack are provided cooling in a parallel configuration or in a serial configuration.

Abstract: An aerodynamic vehicle includes an aerodynamic heat exchanger formed as one or more body panels disposed along an outer surface of the vehicle having one or more fluidic chambers or micro-channels. The aerodynamic heat exchanger is adapted to provide effective and highly efficient heat transfer, and also to provide substantially reduced or negligible contribution to the aerodynamic drag. The aerodynamic heat exchanger may provide adequate heat rejection capacity throughout vehicle operating conditions that advantageously results in increased fuel economy and overall vehicle performance.

Abstract: An electric vehicle having a heat exchanger formed in an aerodynamic airfoil shape comprising one or more body panels disposed along an outer surface of the vehicle having one or more fluidic chambers or micro-channels. The heat exchanger is adapted to provide effective and highly efficient heat transfer, and also to provide substantially reduced or negligible contribution to the aerodynamic drag. The heat exchanger includes a supplemental heat exchange system wherein at least a portion of the heat exchange capacity is provided by an inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger exposed to an interstitial space within the vehicle. Airflow is forced, via a fan for example, from an aerodynamically-efficient inlet, over the inner heat exchange surface, and exhausted through an aerodynamically-efficient outlet, thereby providing a supplemental heat exchange system including substantially reduced or negligible contribution to the aerodynamic drag.

Abstract: An aerodynamic vehicle includes an aerodynamic heat exchanger formed as one or more body panels disposed along an outer surface of the vehicle having one or more fluidic chambers or micro-channels. The aerodynamic heat exchanger is adapted to provide effective and highly efficient heat transfer, and also to provide substantially reduced or negligible contribution to the aerodynamic drag. The aerodynamic heat exchanger may provide adequate heat rejection capacity throughout vehicle operating conditions that advantageously results in increased fuel economy and overall vehicle performance.

Abstract: Radiators, automobiles, and methods of transferring thermal energy to or from an automobile. The radiators include elongated, flattened tubes that transfer thermal energy while minimally affecting the reference area of the automobile, reducing the amount of drag produced by the radiator.

Abstract: Vehicles having a plurality of solar cells arranged on a dashboard of the vehicle. The solar cells are arranged at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the dashboard, and may have an arcuate shape along the longitudinal axis of the dashboard. The solar cells may have an irregular octagon shape and may be more flexible along one axis of symmetry relative to the other axis of symmetry.

Abstract: Vehicles having a plurality of solar cells arranged at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The solar cells may having an irregular octagon shape and may be more flexible along one axis of symmetry relative to the other axis of symmetry.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of method of making a substrate for performing a chemical synthesis reaction.

Abstract: A cultivation pod includes a platform, a nutrient supply system, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The platform includes a supporting tray comprising channels, each having a nutrient-film, and a plant carrier positioned on the supporting tray, where the plant carrier lies in a plane when positioned on the supporting tray and is removable in a direction that lies in the plane without removing the supporting tray from the pod. The nutrient supply system feeds nutrient media to the supporting tray and the plant carrier is removable from the pod without disconnecting the nutrient supply system from the supporting tray. The LEDs provide light to the plant carrier when the plant carrier is positioned on the supporting tray, where the LEDs lie in a planar orientation and are unevenly distributed in the substantially planar orientation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of method of making a substrate for performing a chemical synthesis reaction.

Abstract: A method of forming a solid-phase support, the method including the steps of providing a substrate having a reaction vessel, dispensing a particle in the reaction vessel, and permanently bonding the particle in the substrate within the reaction vessel. The particle may include a microbead. The particle may include controlled pore glass. A method of synthesis is also disclosed that includes including the steps of providing a solid-phase support including a particle embedded to the substrate adjacent a surface of substrate, the particle being functionalized to covalently attach an intermediate compound of a synthetic reaction, dispensing a liquid including a reagent to the solid-phase support to effect the synthetic reaction, and removing the liquid from the solid-phase support by centrifugation, whereby the intermediate compound remains attached to the substrate by the particle.

Abstract: A method of forming a solid-phase support, the method including the steps of providing a substrate having a reaction vessel, dispensing a particle in the reaction vessel, and permanently bonding the particle in the substrate within the reaction vessel. The particle may include a microbead. The particle may include controlled pore glass. A method of synthesis is also disclosed that includes including the steps of providing a solid-phase support including a particle embedded to the substrate adjacent a surface of substrate, the particle being functionalized to covalently attach an intermediate compound of a synthetic reaction, dispensing a liquid including a reagent to the solid-phase support to effect the synthetic reaction, and removing the liquid from the solid-phase support by centrifugation, whereby the intermediate compound remains attached to the substrate by the particle.