Abstract: A lightweight armor with repeat hit capability includes at least one layer of material that absorbs energy upon being impacted by an object through a reversible phase change and/or an elastic strain deformation of at least 5%. Once the energy of the object has been absorbed the layer of material returns to its original shape, thereby resulting in an armor with repeat hit capabilities. The armor may also include additional layers of material constructed of conventional armor materials. A method of manufacturing such an armor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lightweight armor with repeat hit capability includes at least one layer of material that absorbs energy upon being impacted by an object through a reversible phase change and/or an elastic strain deformation of at least 5%. Once the energy of the object has been absorbed the layer of material returns to its original shape, thereby resulting in an armor with repeat hit capabilities. The armor may also include additional layers of material constructed of conventional armor materials. A method of manufacturing such an armor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming titanium alloys is described comprising first forming an ingot that includes: (a) from about 5.5 to about 6.75 weight percent aluminum (preferably from about 5.75 to about 6.5 weight percent aluminum), (b) from about 3.5 to about 4.5 weight percent vanadium (preferably from about 3.75 to about 4.25 weight percent vanadium), (c) from about 0.2 to about 0.8 weight percent iron, (d) from about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent chromium, (e) from about 0.04 to 0.2 weight percent nickel, (f) from is about 0.004 to about 0.1 weight percent cobalt, (g) from about 0.006 to 0.1 weight percent niobium, (h) from about 0 to about 0.20 weight percent carbon, (i) from about 0.22 to about 0.32 weight percent oxygen, (j) from about 0 to about 0.1 weight percent nitrogen, the balance being titanium and unavoidable impurities, each impurity totalling no more than about 0.2 weight percent, with the combined weight of the impurities totalling no more than about 0.5 weight percent.

Abstract: An improved high-modulus, low-cost, castable, weldable titanium alloy and a process for making such an alloy is provided. In general, titanium is alloyed with about 0.75 weight percent iron and about 8 weight percent aluminum to result in an alloy with a modulus of over 21.times.10.sup.6 psi. This modulus is above the modulus for conventional castable titanium alloys, such as the commercially-available castable titanium alloy containing 6 weight percent aluminum and 4 weight percent vanadium.Applications for this alloy include golf club heads, which can be fabricated by casting a golf club head body from the above alloy and welding a sole plate onto the cast golf club head body. This provides a golf club head with superior energy transfer characteristics for hitting a golf ball.

Abstract: A cold hearth furnace for refining of selected metals, such as titanium, is described. The furnace includes a melting hearth and a transport hearth arranged linearly. A pair of barriers partially block the flow of molten materials to mix it, allowing impurities to vaporize and preventing splattering of the material in the melting hearth from contaminating the final product.

Abstract: A method for forming titanium alloys is described comprising first forming an ingot that includes: (a) from about 5.5 to about 6.75 weight percent aluminum (preferably from about 5.75 to about 6.5 weight percent aluminum), (b) from about 3.5 to about 4.5 weight percent vanadium (preferably from about 3.75 to about 4.25 weight percent vanadium), (c) from about 0.2 to about 0.8 weight percent iron, (d) from about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent chromium, (e) from about 0.04 to 0.2 weight percent nickel, (f) from about 0.004 to about 0.1 weight percent cobalt, (g) from about 0.006 to 0.1 weight percent niobium, (h) from about 0 to about 0.20 weight percent carbon, (i) from about 0.22 to about 0.32 weight percent oxygen, (j) from about 0 to about 0.1 weight percent nitrogen, the balance being titanium and unavoidable impurities, each impurity totalling no more than about 0.2 weight percent, with the combined weight of the impurities totalling no more than about 0.5 weight percent.

Abstract: Two pieces of metal are bonded together at a surface by placing the two pieces into contact at the surface and forging the two pieces in a die which causes substantial displacement of the metal originally at the surface in a direction parallel to and outwardly from the edges of the surface. In this way, many of the defects which are potentially present at the original surface are displaced with moving metal away from the original contact between the two pieces of metal into sacrificial ribs and the remaining defects are exposed to significant strain. A portion of the displaced metal which contains many of the defects and which forms the sacrificial ribs is removed from the resulting bonded work piece as the sacrificial ribs are removed from the work piece. The result is a bond with superior properties and with a bond surface which can be located very precisely.

Abstract: A silver-tin-copper-palladium alloy containing from 30 to 70% silver, 15 to 37% tin, at least 13% copper and from 0.05 to 0.95% palladium; and an amalgam thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a shape memory effect alloy having a desired transition temperature. The process includes the steps of: providing at least one prealloyed powder of a shape memory effect alloy having a chemistry similar to that of the to be produced alloy and a transition temperature below the desired transition temperature of the to be produced alloy; providing at least one other prealloyed powder of a shape memory effect alloy having a chemistry similar to that of the to be produced alloy and a transition temperature in excess of the desired transition temperature of the to be produced alloy; blending said prealloyed powders; consolidating said blended powders; and thermally diffusing said consolidated powders so as to provide a substantially homogeneous alloy of the desired transition temperature.

Abstract: A process for making a composite integral turbine wheel and the like, consisting of a plurality of blade elements of an airfoil shape connected at their inner ends to the periphery of a sintered rotor or hub and metallurgically bonded thereto. In accordance with the practice of the process, a plurality of identical blade elements in a final machined condition are inserted in a mold at accurate circumferentially-spaced intervals therearound and are disposed such that the inner root sections thereof extend inwardly of a mold cavity defining the rotor profile. The mold cavity is filled with metal powder composed of a high-strength, temperature-resistant alloy, and sintered into a coherent mass in a manner to effect a metallurgical bonding of the sintered rotor section to the individual blade elements.

Abstract: An improved metal powder blend and improved dental amalgams produced therefrom comprising a mechanical mixture containing controlled proportions of an amalgamatable silver-base alloy powder and a substantially non-amalgamatable eutectic alloy powder containing a controlled quantity of tin which upon trituration with mercury forms a substantially continuous matrix having dispersed therethrough discrete phases of the non-amalgamatable powder particles which impart improved mechanical properties to the resultant dental restoration.